Low Blood Pressure

Low blood pressure can cause dizziness, fainting, and fatigue, affecting daily life and overall well-being. Our AHPRA-accredited online doctors and medical practitioners are available 24/7 to provide expert advice and support.

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This guide does not replace professional care. In emergencies, call 000 or visit a hospital immediately.

About low blood pressure

Low blood pressure, also known as hypotension, occurs when blood pressure levels fall below the normal range, typically below 90/60 mmHg. While some individuals naturally have lower blood pressure without experiencing any issues, chronic or severe hypotension can lead to symptoms such as dizziness, fainting, blurred vision, nausea, fatigue, and difficulty concentrating. In extreme cases, dangerously low blood pressure can cause shock, which is a medical emergency requiring immediate attention. Hypotension can result from various factors, including dehydration, prolonged bed rest, heart conditions, endocrine disorders, blood loss, severe infections, or certain medications. Postural or orthostatic hypotension, a condition where blood pressure drops suddenly when standing up, is also common, particularly in older adults. Managing hypotension depends on the underlying cause and may involve dietary changes, increasing fluid and salt intake, adjusting medications, or using compression stockings to improve circulation. Consulting a doctor is essential if low blood pressure leads to persistent or severe symptoms that affect daily life.

Medically reviewed by Dr. Ammar AL-ANI, MBChB, CCBST, AMC

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You should consult a GP for low blood pressure (hypotension) if you experience any of the following symptoms:

  • Frequent dizziness: Sudden drops in blood pressure can lead to falls or injuries.
  • Confusion: This may indicate inadequate blood flow to the brain.
  • Severe fatigue: Persistent low energy levels could be a sign of an underlying condition.
  • Shock symptoms: Cold, clammy skin, rapid breathing, and a weak pulse require immediate medical attention.
  • Sudden drop in blood pressure: If your blood pressure falls significantly after standing up or eating.
  • Persistent low readings: If your blood pressure remains consistently low and affects daily activities.

Mild cases of hypotension may not cause symptoms, but when blood pressure drops too low, it can result in:

  • Dizziness or light-headedness
  • Fainting
  • Blurred vision
  • Fatigue and weakness
  • Nausea
  • Difficulty concentrating
  • Shock (in extreme cases), leading to rapid breathing and confusion

Low blood pressure can be triggered by various factors, including:

  • Dehydration: Lack of fluids can reduce blood volume, leading to lower blood pressure.
  • Heart conditions: Issues like heart failure, bradycardia (slow heart rate), or valve problems can contribute to hypotension.
  • Endocrine disorders: Conditions like hypothyroidism, adrenal insufficiency, or diabetes can affect blood pressure regulation.
  • Medications: Some drugs, including beta-blockers, diuretics, and antidepressants, can lower blood pressure.
  • Nutritional deficiencies: A lack of vitamin B12 or folate can lead to anaemia, reducing blood pressure.
  • Blood loss or severe infection: Losing a significant amount of blood or developing a severe infection can lead to dangerously low blood pressure.
  • Postural hypotension: A sudden drop in blood pressure when standing up, causing dizziness or light headedness.

If hypotension is causing symptoms, here are some ways to manage it:

  • Stay hydrated: Drink plenty of fluids, especially water, to maintain blood volume.
  • Increase salt intake (If recommended by a doctor): In some cases, more sodium can help raise blood pressure.
  • Eat small frequent meals: Large meals can cause postprandial hypotension (a drop in blood pressure after eating).
  • Avoid sudden position changes: Stand up slowly to prevent dizziness from postural hypotension.
  • Wear compression stockings: These helps prevent blood from pooling in the legs.
  • Review medications: Some drugs may need adjustment if they are contributing to low blood pressure.

Hypertension (high blood pressure) and hypotension (low blood pressure) differ primarily in their impact on circulation and overall health. Hypertension is defined as blood pressure consistently above 140/90 mmHg, often caused by factors such as obesity, high salt intake, stress, genetics, kidney disease, and lack of exercise.

On the other hand, hypotension is diagnosed when blood pressure remains below 90/60 mmHg and may result from dehydration, heart conditions, endocrine disorders, medications, or blood loss. Both conditions require medical monitoring and can be effectively managed through telehealth consultations, ensuring early detection and proper treatment.

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