Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) pose a major public health concern in Australia. 1 in 6 Australians get an STI in their lifetime. Despite progress in healthcare and education, STIs continue to affect a large fraction of the population. Let’s explore the most common STIs in Australia, their prevalence, contributing factors, and the measures implemented to handle and mitigate their effects.
Common sexually transmitted diseases in Australia
Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs or STIs) are infections that are primarily spread through sexual contact. Here’s an overview of the most common STIs, their symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment options:Chlamydia:
Chlamydia is the most reported STI in Australia. In 2022, there were approximately 118,000 reported cases. The rate of chlamydia infections has been increasing over the past decade, particularly among young people aged 15-29. Many people with chlamydia may not display any symptoms. When symptoms do occur, they may include painful urination, abnormal genital discharge, and pain during sexual intercourse. The diagnosis is determined using a urine test or a swab from the contaminated region. Rarely, chlamydia can infect the throat after oral sex and cause a sore throat or swollen lymph nodes (glands in the neck). Chlamydia can be easily treated with antibiotics. If you believe you have chlamydia or are concerned about a lingering sore throat, a medical practitioner can prescribe medications. Pharmacy delivery services allow you to have medications delivered to your house.
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Gonorrhoea:
Gonorrhoea, like Chlamydia, is a bacterial infection. Gonorrhea is also common, with around 32,000 cases reported in 2022. There has been a significant increase in gonorrhoea cases over recent years, especially among young adults. It can harm the genitals, rectum, or throat. Symptoms may include a burning feeling when peeing, discharge from the genitals, or no symptoms at all. It is diagnosed using a urine test or a swab taken from the afflicted region. Antibiotics are part of the treatment plan. To obtain the necessary antibiotics, it is essential to seek a doctor's consultation. Additionally, pharmacy delivery services are readily available for convenient access to medication.Genital herpes:
Genital herpes, caused by the herpes simplex virus (HSV), is widespread in Australia. It's estimated that around 10% of Australians are affected by genital herpes. Common symptoms include painful blisters or ulcers on the genitals, itching, and discomfort during urination. A sample from an active sore can confirm the diagnosis or a blood test may be required. Although there is no cure for herpes, antiviral medications can help control symptoms and prevent outbreaks. Antiviral medications prescribed by physicians can be delivered to your home through pharmacy delivery services.Human papillomavirus (HPV):
HPV is one of the most common STIs in the world, including in Australia, and it is responsible for most cervical cancers. Studies suggest that about 80% of sexually active Australians will contract an HPV infection at some point in their lives. While many individuals with HPV do not exhibit symptoms, some may develop genital warts. HPV is often detected with a Pap smear or HPV test in women. HPV cannot be treated directly; however, prescription medications can be used to treat genital warts. The HPV vaccination is available to help prevent infection.Syphilis:
Syphilis is a bacterial illness that develops through stages if left untreated. Painless sores at the infection site are typical early-stage signs. Syphilis cases have been rising, with approximately 10,000 cases reported in 2022. In the advanced stages, one may experience the emergence of rashes, fever, and swollen lymph nodes and even memory loss. Syphilis is diagnosed via a blood test or a sample of a sore. Treatment for syphilis involves the use of antibiotics, mainly penicillin. Early intervention is critical to avoid serious health problems. Doctors can write a prescription, and medications may be delivered by your local pharmacy.HIV/AIDS:
The Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) damages the immune system and, if left untreated, can cause Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS). As of 2022, approximately 30,000 people were living with HIV in Australia. Common early symptoms include flu-like sickness, fever, and exhaustion. However, symptoms may not show for several years. HIV is detected with a blood test. Although there is no cure, antiretroviral medication (ART) can successfully control HIV. Consult a doctor for ART medications, which may be obtained with a prescription and sent by pharmacy delivery services.Prevention steps
Preventing sexually transmitted diseases (STIs) is crucial for maintaining sexual health and avoiding potential complications. Here are some key prevention strategies:- Use condoms: Consistent and proper condom usage during vaginal, anal, and oral intercourse dramatically lowers the chance of developing STIs such as chlamydia, gonorrhoea, syphilis, and HIV. Condoms operate as a barrier, preventing direct contact with infectious fluids.
- Get vaccinated: Certain STIs, such as human papillomavirus (HPV) and hepatitis B, can be prevented using vaccines. Vaccination, particularly at a young age, protects against infections that might lead to major health consequences such as cancer or liver disease.
- Limit sexual partners: Having fewer sexual partners minimises the chance of infection. Being in a long-term, mutually monogamous relationship with an uninfected spouse is one of the most efficient strategies to avoid STIs.
- Regular testing: Routine STI screening is crucial, especially if you have several sexual partners or engage in sexual activity with new partners. Early identification of STIs allows for quick treatment and decreases the risk of the infection spreading.
- Avoid sharing personal items: Some STIs, such as HIV and hepatitis, can be transmitted through tainted blood, therefore do not share personal things such as razors, needles, or syringes.
- Open communication with partners: Discuss sexual health honestly with your partner. Sharing information about prior STIs, testing, and preventative techniques can assist in reducing the chance of infection.
- Avoid substance abuse before intercourse: Substance abuse can impair judgment and heighten the chance of unsafe sexual activity. It is critical to make educated judgements regarding protection before participating in sexual activity.
- PEP (post-exposure prophylaxis) and PrEP (pre-exposure prophylaxis): Those at high risk of HIV can avoid infection by taking PrEP (pre-exposure prophylaxis) regularly. PEP (post-exposure prophylaxis) is an emergency treatment that is administered within 72 hours of probable HIV exposure to lower the risk of infection.
- Regular medical checkups: Regular medical visits aid in the early diagnosis and prevention of sexually transmitted diseases. Getting testing, treatment, and prevention advice is convenient with online telehealth consultations from the comfort of your home.
Reference
- Department of health and aged care - reference link
- Kirby Institute annual surveillance report - reference link
- Department of health and aged care - reference link
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Disclaimer
This content is created for informational purposes only. It is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice. Always seek the guidance of your doctor or other qualified health professional with any questions you may have regarding your health or a medical condition. For emergencies please immediately contact 000.
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