Understanding Eczema – Types, Causes, Symptoms, And Management

This blog is for educational purposes only and does not replace professional medical advice or diagnosis. If you have health concerns, consult an AHPRA-registered telehealth doctor or request a medical certificate online if clinically appropriate. Please note: Hola Health does not currently offer Mental Health Care Plans.

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Overview

Eczema, also known as atopic dermatitis, is a chronic inflammatory skin condition that leads to dry, itchy, and red patches on the skin. It can affect both children and adults and commonly appears on the face, arms, legs, and other areas of the body. Understanding the different types of eczema, identifying triggers for flare-ups, recognising common symptoms, and knowing available treatment options can help you manage the condition effectively and maintain better skin health.

Note: The content of this blog is for informational purposes only and does not replace professional medical diagnosis, advice, or treatment.

Types of eczema

Type	Key feature	Typical location	Notes
Atopic dermatitis	Chronic, itchy, inflamed	Face, neck, hands, inner elbows, behind knees	Often linked to allergies and asthma
Contact dermatitis	Triggered by irritants or allergens	Hands, arms, legs	Can be acute or chronic
Seborrheic dermatitis	Red, flaky patches	Scalp, face (around nose/eyebrows), chest	Often called “cradle cap” in infants
Dyshidrotic eczema	Small blisters	Hands and feet	Often triggered by stress or moisture
Nummular eczema	Coin-shaped lesions	Arms, legs	Can be triggered by dry skin or injury
Stasis dermatitis	Poor circulation	Lower legs	Often seen in older adults

Causes and triggers of eczema

Eczema flare-ups may be triggered or worsened by a combination of genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors:

1. Genetic factors – a family history of eczema, asthma, or allergies
2. Immune system sensitivity – an overactive immune response leads to inflammation
3. Environmental triggers – pollen, dust mites, pet dander, and weather changes
4. Skin irritants – soaps, detergents, harsh chemicals, and fragrances
5. Stress and emotional factors – can worsen flare-ups
6. Lifestyle & hygiene – frequent hot showers, dry skin, and low humidity
7. Other factors – infections, hormonal changes, and certain medications

Symptoms of eczema

Eczema symptoms can vary from person to person but commonly include:

• Dry, flaky skin
• Severe itching
• Red or inflamed patches
• Thickened or leathery skin in chronic cases
• Small bumps or blisters
• Crusting, oozing, or signs of infection in severe cases
• Sleep disruption due to itching

Treatment and management of eczema

At-home care & lifestyle measures

The following daily habits can help support skin health and reduce the frequency of eczema flare-ups:

• Gentle cleansing using mild, fragrance-free soaps
• Regular application of moisturisers with barrier-repair ingredients
• Avoid scratching and keep nails trimmed
• Identify and avoid triggers such as allergens and irritants
• Use a humidifier in dry environments

Note: This information is for educational purposes only. Consult a GP before trying home remedies to ensure they are appropriate for your condition.

Over-the-counter remedies

Several non-prescription options may help relieve mild to moderate eczema symptoms:

• Mild corticosteroid creams for flare-ups
• Antihistamines to help reduce itching
• Barrier creams and emollients to protect and hydrate the skin

Prescription treatments (GP or dermatologist)

If symptoms are persistent or severe, a healthcare professional may recommend:

• Stronger corticosteroids or topical immunomodulators
• Oral antihistamines or medications for severe flare-ups
• Antibiotics if a secondary infection is present
• Phototherapy for chronic or widespread eczema

Preventative measures

Establishing consistent skincare routines and healthy habits can help minimise flare-ups:

• Maintain a regular skincare routine
• Wear protective clothing or gloves when exposed to irritants
• Incorporate stress management techniques

When to see a doctor / GP

Consult a doctor if you experience any of the following:

• Eczema that is severe or persists despite over-the-counter treatment
• Signs of infection such as pus, increased redness, swelling, or fever
• Symptoms that interfere with sleep or daily activities
• Frequent flare-ups even after avoiding known triggers
• Widespread or painful eczema in children or adults

Note: Seek immediate medical attention or visit the nearest Emergency Department if you develop a high fever, chills, rapidly spreading redness, or feel generally unwell.

How Hola Health can help

Access to professional medical support can help manage eczema more effectively. Telehealth services provide convenient options for assessment, treatment, and ongoing care.

• Online GP consultations for eczema evaluation
• Electronic prescriptions for creams, ointments, or oral treatments where clinically appropriate
• Referral to dermatologists if required
• Advice on managing triggers and prevention strategies
• Telehealth follow-up appointments to monitor progress
• Medical certificates if eczema impacts work or study

Note: While telehealth is suitable for initial assessment and management, an in-person examination or diagnostic testing may be necessary if symptoms are severe or signs of infection are present.

Conclusion

Eczema is a common and manageable skin condition when its types, triggers, and symptoms are well understood. With a combination of appropriate skincare, medical treatment, and professional guidance, most people can achieve good symptom control. If eczema persists or significantly affects your quality of life, consulting a GP or dermatologist can help you access personalised care and effective treatment options.