Sore Throat

A sore throat can be caused by viral infections like the common cold or flu, or by bacterial infections such as strep throat. Consult an AHPRA-licensed medical practitioner online within minutes.

When to consult a doctor for a sore throat?

If the sore throat is persistent or worsening

See a doctor if your sore throat lasts longer than a week, does not improve after 2 days, or keeps coming back, as this may indicate an infection or another underlying condition.

If you have severe symptoms or signs of infection

Seek medical advice if you have a high fever or chills, white patches or pus on the tonsils, a rash, or swollen lymph nodes—especially when accompanied by fever.

If the sore throat affects breathing, swallowing, or speaking

Consult a doctor urgently if you have difficulty breathing, trouble opening your mouth, pain when swallowing or speaking, or severe throat discomfort that interferes with daily activities.

This guide does not replace professional care. Consult a doctor to manage your symptoms. In emergencies, call 000. The content is research-backed & medically reviewed. by Dr. Ammar AL-ANI, MBChB, CCBST, AMC

Causes

This is caused by various factors such as:

Viral infections: Viral infections, such as the common cold, flu, or COVID-19

Bacterial infections: Strep throat caused by Streptococcus bacteria can also lead to a sore throat.

Allergies: Allergies to pollen, dust, mould, or pet dander can cause throat irritation

Irritants: Smoking, passive smoking, pollution, and chemical fumes can irritate the throat

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GORD): GORD occurs when stomach acid backs up into the esophagus, leading to a sore, scratchy throat

Air: Dry air, strain or overuse of throat

Symptoms

There are many symptoms of a sore throat depending on its severity and the cause. Usually, a sore throat comes with pain and a scratchy throat which makes it difficult to swallow and talk. Here are some common symptoms of sore throat:

Pain or scratchiness

Difficulty swallowing

Red, swollen throat

Swollen lymph nodes

Hoarseness

Fever and chills

White patches or pus on tonsils

Ear pain

Home remedies

For adults

Some home remedies for sore throats in adults

Gargle with warm salt water to reduce irritation

Stay well hydrated throughout the day

Drink warm fluids such as herbal tea with honey

Use a humidifier to keep the air moist

Rest your voice and avoid irritants like smoke

Take over-the-counter pain relievers if needed

For children’s

It is distressing to see your child suffer with a sore throat. Here are some soothing home remedies for sore throats in infants and children:

Use a humidifier

Saltwater gargle for older children

Honey and lemon (for children over 12 months only — do not give honey to infants under 12 months)

Soothing herbal teas

How to know sore throat is viral or bacterial?

It is tough to understand what type of sore throat you have. Viral sore throats usually come with other cold symptoms, like a runny nose or cough, while bacterial sore throats (like strep tonsillitis) are often more painful, come with a fever, and may have white spots on the tonsils. It is essential to speak with a doctor to understand whether your sore throat is viral or bacterial.

Hola Health provides a convenient way to consult an AHPRA-registered doctor online, 24/7 across Australia.

Clinical note: A telehealth assessment can help evaluate your sore throat symptoms, provide medical advice, and issue prescriptions for appropriate treatment if clinically indicated. Please note that distinguishing between viral and bacterial sore throat via telehealth relies on symptom history and visual assessment — a throat swab or in-person examination may be recommended to confirm a bacterial infection before antibiotics are prescribed. Telehealth is a complementary service. If you have difficulty breathing, cannot swallow, or have severe throat swelling, call 000 or attend an Emergency Department immediately. We recommend sharing your consult summaries with your regular GP to ensure continuity of care.