Long Covid and brain fog: What to do?

If you’ve had COVID-19 and are still struggling with memory problems, trouble concentrating, or mental sluggishness, you’re not alone. Many people report experiencing “brain fog” long after recovering from the initial infection. But what exactly is Long COVID brain fog, how long does it last, and what can you do about it? Let’s dive in.

What is long COVID brain fog?

Brain fog isn’t a medical diagnosis, but rather a term used to describe cognitive difficulties such as forgetfulness, confusion, difficulty concentrating, and mental fatigue. In the context of Long COVID—also called post-COVID condition—brain fog refers to these persistent cognitive issues that linger weeks or months after recovering from the acute phase of the illness. Experts believe Long COVID brain fog is linked to inflammation, immune system overactivity, and potential damage to brain cells due to the virus. Some researchers suggest it may be a result of the body’s immune response rather than the virus itself.

How long does COVID brain fog last?

The duration of brain fog varies widely. Some people recover in a few weeks, while others deal with symptoms for months or even years. A study published in Nature Medicine found that cognitive impairments in some COVID-19 survivors persisted for at least two years. However, recovery is possible, especially with the right interventions, lifestyle adjustments, and medical support.

What are the symptoms of COVID brain damage?

While brain fog itself doesn’t necessarily indicate permanent brain damage, some people with severe COVID-19 infections have shown changes in brain structure. Symptoms of cognitive impairment post-COVID may include:

• Difficulty concentrating (feeling mentally "fuzzy" or easily distracted)
• Short-term memory issues (forgetting recent conversations or tasks)
• Mental fatigue (feeling drained after minimal cognitive effort)
• Slower processing speed (taking longer to understand or respond)
• Confusion or disorientation
• Trouble finding the right words in conversation

If these symptoms are severe or worsening, it’s essential to seek medical advice to rule out other neurological conditions.

How do you screen for long COVID brain fog?

There’s no single test to diagnose brain fog, but doctors may assess cognitive function using:

• Neurocognitive tests – These evaluate memory, attention, and problem-solving skills.
• Radiology scans – In rare cases, imaging may be used to check for brain inflammation or structural changes.
• Blood tests – These can rule out other potential causes like vitamin deficiencies, thyroid disorders, or autoimmune conditions.

If you suspect you have Long COVID brain fog, keeping a symptom journal can help you and your doctor track patterns and identify potential triggers.

Can brain fog be a sign of another condition?

Yes. While brain fog is common after COVID-19, it can also be a symptom of:

• Chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) – A condition with overlapping symptoms, including cognitive dysfunction and extreme fatigue.
• Vitamin deficiencies – Low levels of vitamin B12, vitamin D, or iron can contribute to cognitive issues.
• Thyroid disorders – Hypothyroidism can slow brain function and cause memory problems.
• Depression or anxiety – Mental health conditions can impact cognitive performance.
• Autoimmune diseases – Conditions like lupus or multiple sclerosis can cause brain fog.

If your symptoms persist or worsen, a healthcare provider can help determine the root cause.

What vitamins are good for brain fog after COVID?

While no supplement can guarantee a cure, certain vitamins and nutrients support brain function and may help alleviate brain fog:

• Vitamin B12 – Supports nerve health and cognitive function.
• Vitamin D – Low levels have been linked to cognitive decline and fatigue.
• Omega-3 fatty acids – Found in fish oil, these are essential for brain health.
• Magnesium – Helps with neurotransmitter function and mental clarity.
• Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) – An antioxidant that may support energy production in brain cells.

Always consult a doctor before starting new supplements, especially if you have underlying health conditions.

When does brain fog go away?

There’s no set timeline for recovery. Some people notice gradual improvement within weeks, while others take months or longer. Factors influencing recovery include:

• Severity of the initial COVID infection
• Overall health and lifestyle habits
• Sleep quality
• Stress levels and mental health

Staying patient and proactive in managing symptoms can make a difference.

How do you treat long COVID brain fog?

Unfortunately, there’s no single treatment for Long COVID brain fog, but several strategies can help:

1. Prioritise sleep

Quality sleep is crucial for cognitive function. Aim for 7–9 hours per night and maintain a consistent sleep schedule. Avoid screens before bed and try relaxation techniques if you struggle with sleep.

2. Follow a brain-healthy diet

Eating a balanced diet rich in whole foods can support brain function. Include:

• Leafy greens (spinach, kale)
• Healthy fats (avocados, nuts, olive oil)
• Lean proteins (chicken, fish)
• Antioxidant-rich foods (berries, dark chocolate)

3. Exercise regularly

Physical activity improves blood flow to the brain and reduces inflammation. Even light exercises like walking, yoga, or stretching can help.

Also read: When to exercise after COVID-19? 

4. Manage stress

Chronic stress worsens brain fog. Practices like mindfulness, meditation, and breathing exercises can help reduce stress and improve mental clarity.

5. Engage in mental stimulation

Keep your brain active with puzzles, reading, learning new skills, or playing memory games. Cognitive training apps like Lumosity can also be beneficial.

6. Stay hydrated

Dehydration can worsen cognitive issues. Aim for at least 8 cups of water a day.

7. Consider cognitive rehabilitation

For severe cases, cognitive therapy with a professional can help retrain the brain and improve processing speed.

When to contact a healthcare provider?

If your brain fog is severe, persistent, or interfering with daily life, it’s time to seek medical help. Contact a doctor if you experience:

• Symptoms lasting more than three months with no improvement
• Difficulty performing daily tasks due to cognitive impairment
• Worsening memory loss or disorientation
• New or severe headaches
• Speech difficulties or coordination problems

Also read: Long COVID: Symptoms, risk factors, and treatment options

Connecting with a telehealth doctor

If visiting a doctor in person is difficult, telehealth services provide a convenient way to consult a healthcare provider. Many online platforms offer virtual visits with primary care doctors, neurologists, and functional medicine specialists who can help diagnose and manage Long COVID symptoms.

How can Hola Health help?

If you're experiencing lingering symptoms of Long COVID—such as fatigue, brain fog, breathlessness, or joint pain—Hola Health provides convenient and accessible support through our 24/7 telehealth services. Our AHPRA-accredited doctors or medical practitioners can help with:

• Medical advice – Get expert guidance on managing ongoing symptoms and recovery strategies with telehealth appointments.
• Pathology & specialist referrals – Access blood tests, inflammatory marker assessments, and specialist referrals if needed.
• Online prescriptions – Request COVID-19 antiviral medications for symptom management, including inflammation and respiratory issues.
• Mental health support – Bulk-billed mental health care plans for anxiety, depression, and post-COVID stress.
• Medical certificates – Obtain medical certificates for work or study if symptoms impact daily activities.

Get the care you need—anytime, anywhere.

Final thoughts

Long COVID brain fog can be frustrating, but recovery is possible. By prioritizing brain health through sleep, nutrition, exercise, and stress management, you can improve cognitive function over time. If symptoms persist, don’t hesitate to seek professional help. The key is patience and consistency—your brain needs time to heal.