Health Info > Allergies Published on : October 1, 2024

Allergic conjunctivitis treatments at home according to a GP

Name: Hola Health
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Medically Reviewed by Dr Nelson Lau, MBBS FRACGP, GP & Digital Health Specialist

Allergic conjunctivitis involves inflammation of the conjunctiva, the delicate membrane that covers the eye’s white part and the inner eyelids, triggered by an allergic reaction. It is often triggered by allergens such as dust, pet dander, pollen, or mould and affects up to 40% of the Australian population. While severe cases may require expert medical care, many individuals manage mild to moderate allergic conjunctivitis symptoms successfully at home with the help of a general practitioner (GP). Let’s explore practical home treatments that GPs commonly recommend.

What is allergic conjunctivitis?

Allergic conjunctivitis is a common eye condition that involves inflammation of the conjunctiva, the thin, transparent membrane covering the eye’s white part and the inner surface of the eyelids. It occurs when the conjunctiva reacts to irritants like pollen, dust, or mold and is an immune system response. Allergic conjunctivitis can be categorised into two types:

Seasonal allergic conjunctivitis:

The seasonal form is associated with eye inflammation triggered by allergens that appear only at specific times of the year. Generally, these allergens are seasonal, including pollen from trees, grasses, or weeds.

Perennial allergic conjunctivitis:

The perennial form is characterised by chronic eye inflammation due to active allergens year-round. Common perennial allergens include mold spores, pet dander, and dust.

Common signs and symptoms

Common symptoms of allergic conjunctivitis include:

Redness in eyes
Intense itching
Swollen eyelids
Excessive tearing
Burning sensation
Sensitivity to light
Conjunctival swelling, especially in the morning

These symptoms can vary from mild to severe and may impact everyday activities and well-being. In cases where crusting of the eyelid occurs, it is more indicative of a bacterial infection rather than an allergic response.

Also read - Common seasonal allergy symptoms & the best ways to deal with it?

What differentiates it from other eye conditions?

Allergic conjunctivitis can be differentiated from other eye conditions in many ways:

1. Causing factors:

Allergic conjunctivitis is triggered by allergens such as pollen, pet dander, dust, or mould. Conversely, other eye conditions could stem from infections such as bacterial or viral conjunctivitis, injuries, or underlying medical disorders.

2. Symptom pattern:

Allergic conjunctivitis: Generally, involves symptoms like redness, itching, watery discharge, and swelling, often exhibiting a seasonal or perennial pattern associated with allergen exposure.
Bacterial conjunctivitis: Typically features a dense, yellow or white discharge, usually accompanied by swelling and redness, with a tendency for a quicker onset.
Viral conjunctivitis: Marked by watery discharge, often accompanied by a sore throat or cold symptoms, and may be easily transmitted from one individual to another. It typically starts in one eye and spreads to the other.
Dry eye syndrome: This leads to dryness, burning, and a scratchy feeling, rather than the severe itching associated with allergic conjunctivitis.

3. Response to treatment:

Allergic conjunctivitis: Generally, responds well to anti-allergy eye drops, antihistamines, or avoiding irritants.
Infectious conjunctivitis: May require antibiotic treatment for bacterial infections or antiviral medication for viral infections.
Dry eye syndrome: Frequently managed with artificial tears and lifestyle modifications rather than allergy-specific treatments.

Managing allergic conjunctivitis at home

Managing allergic conjunctivitis at home can be done through lifestyle changes, natural remedies, and over-the-counter (OTC) treatments. Here are some strategies to help alleviate symptoms:

Avoid allergens:

Identifying and avoiding allergens that cause allergic conjunctivitis is critical for symptom management. Pollen, dust mites, pet dander, and mold are common causes of allergies. Monitoring the onset of your symptoms and the surrounding environmental conditions may aid in identifying your triggers. To avoid exposure, keep windows closed during peak pollen seasons, use air purifiers indoors, and periodically wash your bedding in hot water to eradicate dust mites. Showering and changing clothing after spending time outside can also help limit allergy exposure.

Cold compress:

A cold compress can help relieve the irritation and swelling produced by allergic conjunctivitis. Simply drop a few ice cubes in a clean towel or moisten a washcloth with cold water and place it over your closed eyes for 10–15 minutes. Ensure the cold compress does not directly touch your skin to avoid irritation. This can help to reduce inflammation and soothe irritation. Repeating this process a few times a day can provide significant relief.

Artificial tears:

Over-the-counter artificial tear eye solutions can remove allergies and moisturise your eyes. These drops soothe the eyes by lubricating them, decreasing dryness, and flushing out irritants. If you need to use artificial tears regularly, choose preservative-free ones to avoid further irritation.

Saline solution:

Rinsing your eyes with a saline solution will help remove allergens and relieve inflammation. You may buy saline eye wash over the counter or manufacture a simple saline solution at home by heating water, adding salt, and allowing it to cool before using. This may be used to cleanse the eyes, bringing comfort and eliminating irritants gently.

Avoid touching or rubbing your eyes:

Refrain from touching or rubbing your eyes. While it may be tempting to touch your irritated eyes, doing so might exacerbate the irritation and introduce more allergies or microorganisms. Instead, keep your hands clean and use a clean tissue to dab your eyes as gently as needed. Keeping hands away from the eyes lowers the likelihood of additional discomfort.

Wear sunglasses:

When going outside, wearing sunglasses can help protect your eyes from irritants such as pollen and dust. Sunglasses function as a barrier, lowering the likelihood of allergens entering your eyes and exacerbating your symptoms. Choose wraparound sunglasses to have more coverage.

Humidifier:

Using a humidifier at home can also assist with dry eyes, particularly if your environment is dry. Allergic conjunctivitis can worsen if the eyes are dry; therefore, maintaining a humid environment may help protect your eyes from excessive inflammation. Humidifiers can be very effective in air-conditioned or hot rooms.

Dietary adjustments:

Consider altering your eating habits to help control inflammation. Anti-inflammatory foods including leafy greens, almonds, and fatty fish can assist in reducing general inflammation in the body in some people. Some report that omega-3 fatty acid supplements relieve allergic symptoms, however there is limited evidence to suggest that dietary changes alone can significantly reduce allergic conjunctivitis symptoms. A healthy, balanced diet might help to reduce the frequency and severity of allergic responses.

Also read: Common Food Allergies in Australia: Symptoms, Causes & Treatment

What makes allergic conjunctivitis worse?

Allergic conjunctivitis can worsen due to several factors that boost exposure to allergens or irritate the eyes. Here's what can exacerbate the condition:

Allergen exposure: Pollen, dust mites, pet dander, and mold can trigger symptoms.
Rubbing eyes: This increases irritation and spreads allergens.
Dry air: Air conditioning, heating, smoke, and pollution dry out and irritate eyes.
Contact lenses: Lenses can trap allergens, worsening irritation.
Poor eye hygiene: Dirty hands or makeup around the eyes can increase symptoms.
Humidity: Damp environments promote mold and dust mites.
Wind and dust: Windy or dusty conditions can blow allergens into the eyes.
Lack of treatment: Ignoring symptoms or improper care can cause increased irritation.
Screen time: Dry eyes from screen use might intensify irritation.

Does allergic conjunctivitis go away on its own?

Allergic conjunctivitis frequently resolves on its own once the allergen is avoided. Acute instances usually disappear in a few days to weeks if you limit or remove your exposure to the trigger. Chronic instances, caused by prolonged allergen exposure, may persist and need long-term treatment. While you wait for symptoms to go away, you can alleviate discomfort using home remedies, over-the-counter treatment options such as artificial tears, and avoiding irritants. If symptoms are severe or linger despite these steps, it is advisable to consult a healthcare expert for tailored therapy and relief.

When do you need to see a doctor for allergic conjunctivitis?

If your symptoms persist even after trying home cures and over-the-counter medicines, you should consult a doctor for allergic conjunctivitis. If you are experiencing severe discomfort, considerable pain, visual problems, or intense redness, get medical attention. If you suspect a serious allergic response or if your symptoms severely interfere with everyday activities, get expert help. A doctor can recommend a more effective treatment regimen and rule out any other underlying eye diseases.

Does allergic conjunctivitis need antibiotics?

Antibiotics are rarely used for allergic conjunctivitis since it is caused by an allergic response rather than a bacterial infection. Antibiotics are designed to treat bacterial infections, and because allergic conjunctivitis is not an infection, they are ineffective. Antihistamines, artificial tears, and allergen avoidance are commonly used to manage the allergic response. However, if a secondary bacterial infection develops, potentially from repeated eye scratching, a doctor may prescribe antibiotics. If your symptoms persist or deteriorate, visit a healthcare expert to create a suitable treatment strategy.

How can online doctor help via telehealth?

Telehealth allows online doctors to deliver a variety of services, such as:

Web doctor consultation: You can schedule a virtual consultation with a doctor to discuss symptoms, obtain a diagnosis, and treatment suggestions without leaving home.
Referral to an ophthalmologist: If necessary, an online doctor can direct you to a specialist, such as an ophthalmologist, for additional assessment and treatment.
Pharmacy delivery: Prescriptions and over-the-counter medications can be ordered online and delivered to your house.
Online Scripts: The doctor can write and send prescriptions digitally to you within minutes.
Doctor's certificate online: Get medical certificates or sick notes for work or school online.
After-hours doctors: Seek medical advice after hours for urgent or non-emergency matters.

To conclude, allergic conjunctivitis can be quite bothersome but can be managed at home with the right strategies. You can considerably relieve your symptoms by adhering to your GP’s guidance on minimising exposure to allergens, using over-the-counter remedies, and employing soothing methods like cold compresses. Moreover, practicing proper eye care and creating an environment with fewer allergens can make a remarkable difference.

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Reference

Allergic conjunctivitis - reference link
Managing conjunctivitis at home - Reference link

What can be mistaken for allergic conjunctivitis?

October 1, 2024Allergies

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