Health Info > Skin Conditions Published on : January 23, 2024

Understanding Eczema – Types, Causes, Symptoms, And Treatment

Written by Sai Pragna Chagarla, Staff Writer – Hola Health
Medically reviewed by Dr Nelson Lau , MBBS FRACGP, General Practitioner and Digital Health Specialist

Eczema also known as atopic dermatitis is a skin condition that is quite prevalent in Australia. It is a chronic skin condition where the skin’s protective barrier is compromised, often leading to dryness, inflammation, and irritation. This dry and irritated skin will lead to scratching which worsens the irritation leading to more scratching. This is a vicious cycle that will not let the skin heal making it prone to damaged skin and repetitive eczema. This affects both children and adults alike. In Australia, the current prevalence of eczema is 10 – 15% of the population. According to a study conducted by the University of Melbourne, 1 in 3 infants suffer from eczema. In children, it often appears in the first few years of life and may improve as they get older. However, eczema can persist into adulthood or develop later in life.

Types Of Eczema:

Eczema, or atopic dermatitis, is a broad term that encompasses several types of inflammatory skin conditions. Each type of eczema has distinct characteristics and may affect different age groups or parts of the body. Here are some common types of eczema:

Atopic Dermatitis: This is the most common form of eczema and often begins in childhood. Individuals with a family history of allergies or asthma are more prone to developing atopic dermatitis. It typically affects the face, hands, and the insides of the elbows and knees.
Contact Dermatitis: Contact dermatitis is caused by direct contact with an irritant or allergen.
Dyshidrotic Eczema: This type of eczema is characterised by small, itchy blisters on the hands and feet. It is more common in adults and can be triggered by stress or exposure to allergens.
Nummular Eczema: Nummular eczema is identified by coin-shaped patches of irritated skin. It often occurs in older adults and may be linked to dry skin, environmental factors, or a history of atopic dermatitis.
Seborrhoeic Dermatitis: Seborrhoeic dermatitis is a type of eczema that primarily affects the scalp, causing dandruff.

What Flares Up Eczema?

Triggers for eczema depend on the individual’s health condition, stress levels, environmental conditions and more. The main factors that can contribute to flare ups of for eczema include:

Allergens: Certain foods such as dairy products, eggs, nuts, seeds, soy, and wheat can flare up eczema in some individuals. Pollen, mould, pet dander, and dust mites can exacerbate eczema symptoms, especially in individuals with allergic sensitivities.
Irritants: Harsh soaps and detergents, harsh chemicals can irritate the skin and flare up eczema.
Fabrics: Rough or synthetic fabrics, such as wool or polyester, can cause irritation. Cotton and other breathable fabrics are often recommended for those with eczema.
Climate and Weather Conditions: Low humidity can contribute to dry skin, which is a common factor that may flare up eczema.
Hot or Cold Temperatures
Stress, genetics
Bacterial and Viral Infections: Skin infections caused by bacteria, such as Staphylococcus aureus, can exacerbate eczema. Proper hygiene practices can help prevent bacterial infections.
Hormonal Changes: Hormonal fluctuations, such as those during pregnancy or menstruation, can impact eczema symptoms in some individuals.
Dietary and environmental factors

What Are The Symptoms Of Eczema?

Eczema symptoms can vary from person to person, but common signs include:

Itching and scratching
Redness and inflammation
Dry and scaly skin
Blisters and oozing and may crust over in some cases
Skin discoloration
Rash or patches
Skin may become thickened in areas of repeated scratching
Cracking and peeling
Loss of sleep due to the itching sensation

When Should I See A Doctor?

It’s best to speak to a doctor if you have any of the above symptoms to confirm the diagnosis, lessen the spread of eczema and to control the itching sensation. While there is no cure for eczema, several strategies can help manage and alleviate symptoms:

Moisturisation to reduce dryness and itching.
Avoiding Triggers: Identifying and avoiding triggers, such as certain foods, allergens, or environmental factors, can help prevent flare-ups.
Gentle Skincare: Using mild, fragrance-free soaps and avoiding harsh skincare products can prevent skin irritation.
Topical Steroids and Medications: In more severe cases, doctors may prescribe topical corticosteroids or other medications to reduce inflammation.
Antihistamines: Oral antihistamines can help alleviate itching and improve sleep for individuals with eczema.

Managing eczema is an ongoing process, and individuals with the condition may experience periods of remission and flare-ups. Adopting a proactive approach to skincare, maintaining a healthy lifestyle, and working closely with healthcare professionals can significantly improve the quality of life for those living with eczema.

Reference

Health direct – Eczema: Reference Link
Atopic Eczema Management: It is hard to get consistent information! Deryn Thompson BN, MN, PC Allergy Nursing, PhD Candidate Eczema Nurse Educator, Lecturer University of South Australia: Reference Link
HCF Eczema Types, Causes and Treatment: Reference Link
Australian Association of Clinical Immunology and Allergy: Reference Link
The Australian College of Dermatologists: Reference Link
Eczema Association of Australasia: Reference Link
Zeleke BM, Lowe AJ, Dharmage SC, Lopez DJ, Koplin JJ, Peters RL, Soriano VX, Tang MLK, Walters EH, Varigos GA, Lodge CJ, Perret JL, Abramson MJ. Epidemiology of eczema in South-Eastern Australia. Australas J Dermatol. 2023 Feb;64(1):e41-e50. doi: 10.1111/ajd.13966. Epub 2022 Dec 19. PMID: 36533890.

See a GP within 15 minutes anytime, day or night

See a doctor now Request an online script