Mental breakdown - signs, stages and solutions

Overview

Mental breakdowns, often called nervous breakdowns, can happen when life feels impossible to manage. It's that point where stress, exhaustion, and emotions accumulate until it all seems unbearable. They are not as rare as many people think.

In fact, around 1 in 5 Australians aged 16 to 85 ¹ (4.3 million people) experience a mental health disorder. These numbers demonstrate the widespread nature of these challenges and the likelihood of a breakdown for many.  However, recognising the early warning signs and seeking help promptly can make recovery easier.

A mental breakdown (or nervous breakdown) is not a medical diagnosis but a term people use when stress, anxiety, or depression makes it hard to cope with everyday life. If symptoms persist or affect daily functioning, it's essential to seek help from a GP or mental health professional.

What is a mental breakdown

A mental breakdown is a phase of overwhelming mental and psychological strain where a person feels unable to cope with life's demands. It's often triggered by prolonged stress, burnout, or a significant life change, and can affect thoughts, mood, sleep quality, and overall functioning. It's the mind's way of saying it needs rest, care, and support.

Stages of a mental breakdown

The stages of mental breakdown may vary from person to person, but some of the most common stages are listed below:

1. Triggering event: A vital stress factor or a series of stressors provokes overwhelming emotional or psychological distress.
2. Escalation: Manifestations of distress intensify, leading to increased feelings of depression, anxiety, or inability to cope with day-to-day life.
3. Crisis point: Individuals may experience a crisis point where they feel totally submerged, unable to function, or even have self-harm thoughts.
4. Physical symptoms: Physical symptoms such as loss of appetite, persistent headaches, or insomnia may accompany psychological distress.
5. Loss of functioning: Daily functioning is significantly debilitated, making it extremely difficult to perform tasks at work or home.
6. Isolation: Individuals start withdrawing from social interactions and isolate themselves from family, friends and colleagues.
7. Seeking help: Eventually, individuals may come to understand the need for help and seek support from mental healthcare providers, family, or friends.
8. Recovery: With appropriate treatment, guidance, and coping strategies, individuals can gradually recover and regain their ability to function successfully.

It is essential to keep in mind that not everyone will experience each stage, and the development might not follow a linear path. Seeking professional help early on can enhance results and help prevent further deterioration. A Mental Health Care Plan can be accessed at no additional cost through Medicare.

 Signs of a mental breakdown

Signs and symptoms of a mental breakdown can vary among individuals and depend on the root cause of the breakdown. Here are some common signs and symptoms categorised by physical, emotional, and behavioural indicators:

Physical symptoms:

• Headaches
• Muscle tension
• Stomach aches
• Fatigue
• Insomnia or other sleep issues
• Changes in  eating habits (e.g. over- or under-eating)
• Rapid heartbeat
• Excessive sweating
• Dizziness
• Trembling or shaking
• Frequent illness due to a weakened immune system
• Nausea
• Difficulty breathing
• Uncontrollable crying
• Sweaty palms
• Digestive issues or other stomach problems

Emotional symptoms:

• Anxiety 
• Depression 
• Irritability
• Mood swings
• Feeling detached
• Fearfulness
• Hopelessness
• Intense feelings of overwhelm
• Persistent Feelings of guilt or shame

Behavioural symptoms:

• Social withdrawal
• Difficulty concentrating
• Avoiding responsibilities
• Forgetfulness
• Changes in communication, such as talking faster or slower than usual
• Self-harming behaviours or thoughts
• Loss of interest in favourite activities
• Increased usage of substances such as alcohol or drugs
• Restlessness
• Paranoia or believing someone is constantly watching or stalking

It is crucial to note that experiencing some of the above symptoms does not necessarily mean someone is having a nervous breakdown. However, if these symptoms persist and severely impact daily functioning, it is essential to seek professional help from a therapist or psychiatrist. Opt for a Mental Health Treatment Plan to start your journey.

Causes a mental breakdown

Mental breakdowns often come from:

1. Prolonged stress: Chronic stress from work, financial difficulties, relationships, or other life circumstances.
2. Major life changes: Significant life events such as divorce, relocation, or loss of a loved one.
3. Trauma: Experiencing or witnessing a traumatic event such as violence, accidents, or natural disasters.
4. Underlying mental health conditions: Pre-existing conditions such as depression, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), or anxiety.
5. Substance abuse: Misuse of alcohol or drugs.
6. Burnout: When exhaustion lingers and rest alone doesn't bring recovery.
7. Lack of support: When a person feels isolated, ignored, or overwhelmed.

How to prevent a mental breakdown

Getting ahead of overwhelm can make a huge difference:

• Take a mental health day or request stress leave. Amira mentions that stress leave can be taken under personal/carer's leave provisions in Australia. However, there is no separate category called "stress leave" under Fair Work — it falls under personal (sick) leave.
• Visit your GP to access a Mental Health Treatment Plan (MHTP). This provides up to 10 Medicare-subsidised sessions with a psychologist annually.
• If your GP is not available soon, book an online medical appointment. It is quick, efficient, and officially recognised.
• Maintain self-care practices, including regular physical activity, balanced meals, a consistent sleep routine, and regular screen-free time.
• Nurture small connections; a light chat with a friend or neighbour can bring comfort.

These little steps help shift the focus from breakdown to balance; they're simple, not stressful.

How long does a mental breakdown last?

There's no fixed timeline. It depends on the person and the situation. A mental breakdown can last from a few days to several weeks, depending on:

• The severity of stress or trauma
• The availability of support and treatment
• The person's mental health and coping capacity

“With early help, many people begin to improve within weeks, though some may take months. Ongoing therapy and lifestyle adjustments often support long-term recovery.” With early help, most people experience improvement within weeks. Continued care and rest are key to recovery.

When should I see a doctor about a mental breakdown

It's normal to feel overwhelmed by life's demands occasionally, but persistent stress can become a health risk. Know your go-to resources:

• In an emergency?
• Feeling low but not urgent?
• Need professional guidance? Consult a GP and request a Mental Health Treatment Plan for subsidised counselling.
• Struggling at work? Remind your employer: you can take personal (sick) leave for mental health reasons, but there is no separate entitlement specifically called "mental health leave."

How Hola Health Help you

At Hola Health, we know going through a mental breakdown can feel scary and exhausting. You don't have to face it alone — here's how we can support you:

• Our doctors and mental health professionals are available 24/7, so you can get help when you need it most.
• We listen to you and create a plan for your specific needs, whether that involves advice, therapy options, or guidance on medication.
• Recovery takes time. We check in, help you track your progress, and adjust your care if needed.
• You can speak to a professional from the comfort of your home, with complete privacy.

Getting help early often makes recovery faster and easier. Hola Health is here to walk with you, step by step.

Conclusion

A mental breakdown is a signal that your mind and body need rest and care; it is not a sign of failure. By recognising the warning signs early and taking small, simple steps, such as consulting a GP, creating space to reset, or reaching out to support services, you can begin to recover and rebuild strength. Help is accessible, and you don't have to go through it alone.

FAQs

What's the difference between a mental breakdown and burnout?

• Burnout is a state of physical, emotional, and mental drain caused by ongoing stress, usually associated with work or caregiving roles. It develops gradually and is often marked by fatigue, disengagement, and lack of motivation or confidence.
• Mental breakdown, on the other hand, is a more sudden and severe episode. It refers to a phase of overwhelming mental or emotional distress that seriously disrupts a person's ability to manage everyday life.

Can I take sick leave for a mental breakdown in Australia?

Yes, mental health conditions, including a mental breakdown, are covered under personal (sick) leave in Australia. You have the right to take leave if you are unwell or can't work.

• Registered psychotherapist Amira adds, 'Full-time employees usually receive 10 days of paid personal leave each year, which accumulates from year to year if unused.'
• Your workplace may request a doctor's certificate.
• You are not obliged to disclose personal or detailed information about your condition.

Can I get a medical certificate for a mental breakdown?

Yes. A GP or a qualified health professional can issue a medical certificate for a mental breakdown if they assess that you are unfit for work:

• The certificate can validate sick leave under personal/carer's leave provisions.
• You don't need to share private details, only confirmation that you are unwell.
• It can also help you set up a Mental Health Treatment Plan so you can access Medicare-subsidised sessions.

Who can diagnose or treat a mental breakdown?

A GP (General Practitioner) is usually the first point of contact. They can:

• Check your mental health
• Issue a medical certificate if you're unable to work.
• Develop a Mental Health Treatment Plan for Medicare-subsidised sessions with a psychologist.
• Depending on your needs, your GP may refer you to a psychologist or psychiatrist.