Flu and older adults: When to worry

Overview

For many adults, the flu is a brief illness, but for older Australians, it can be a serious health threat. Elderly individuals have weakened immune systems and face a greater risk of complications such as pneumonia or dehydration. Recognising the warning signs and understanding when to seek medical assistance are crucial for safety during the flu season. Data from Australia shows that up to 85% of fatalities related to the flu occur in individuals aged 65 and older¹. With the flu season peaking between June and September, taking early preventative measures and staying informed can significantly impact health outcomes.

Flu Symptoms

The majority of adults recover from the flu at home, but certain symptoms warrant immediate medical attention.

For the general adult population:

• Ongoing high fever (over 39°C)

• Chest discomfort or tightness

• Breathing difficulties or shortness of breath

• Severe fatigue or dizziness

• Deteriorating symptoms after initial improvement

 

For seniors (aged 65 and older):

Elderly individuals are more susceptible to complications such as pneumonia and dehydration. Seek medical assistance immediately if you experience-  

• Sudden confusion or disorientation

• Rapid breathing or low oxygen saturation

• Extreme weakness or dehydration

• Exacerbation of chronic health issues like heart disease, asthma, or diabetes

 

Warning Signs

• Shortness of breath or chest discomfort

• Sudden confusion or disorientation

• Continuous high fever or chills

• Extreme fatigue or bodily weakness

• Decreased urination or signs of dehydration

• Worsening of pre-existing medical conditions

  If any of these symptoms occur, seek medical attention immediately. Early intervention can avert complications and reduce recovery time.

Medical attention for flu

Visit the emergency room or contact emergency services if you observe:

• Chest discomfort or difficulty in breathing

• Bluish lips or face

• Severe weakness or fainting

• A persistent fever that doesn’t respond to medication

• Abrupt confusion or delirium

  If you are uncertain, a brief telehealth consultation can help assess whether urgent care or hospitalisation is necessary.

Risks and Complications

Aging inherently diminishes the immune system response, making it more challenging for older adults to combat infections like the flu. Chronic ailments such as diabetes, heart conditions, or respiratory issues increase the likelihood of complications. Older adults may also experience faster dehydration and may not exhibit common flu symptoms, such as a high fever, which can complicate early diagnosis. Surveillance data indicate² that older women, particularly in NSW, have higher incidences of influenza infection. Common complications related to the flu in older adults include:

• Pneumonia

• Dehydration

• Strain on the heart or heart failure

• Bacterial infections like bronchitis

• Sepsis (a severe blood infection)

  These complications can arise swiftly, making prompt medical consultation critical.

Preventing flu complications in older adults

Getting an annual vaccination is the most effective way to guard against severe influenza. In Australia, everyone aged six months and older is recommended to receive a flu shot each year. The National Immunisation Program (NIP) offers free vaccines for:  

• Individuals aged 65 and older

• Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people aged six months and older

• Pregnant individuals (at any stage)

• People with chronic health conditions, including diabetes, heart disease, or lung diseases

  Schedule your flu vaccination early, preferably by April, to ensure protection throughout the peak season (June–September).

How flu spreads

The flu spreads via droplets released when an infected person coughs, sneezes, or talks. These droplets may settle on surfaces or be inhaled by others. It can also be transmitted through direct contact, like shaking hands or touching contaminated items. Given the flu's high contagion rate, consistent handwashing, wearing masks during outbreaks, and avoiding close interactions with sick individuals are vital preventive measures, particularly for seniors.

Flu vs. cold vs. COVID-19: key differences

 

Symptom	Flu	Cold	COVID-19
Onset	Sudden	Gradual	Varies (gradual or sudden)
Fever	Common, high (38°C+)	Rare	Common, may be high
Cough	Dry or productive	Mild	Dry and persistent
Sore throat	Sometimes	Common	Sometimes
Runny/stuffy nose	Sometimes	Common	Sometimes
Fatigue	Common	Mild	Common, but can get severe
Body aches	Common and severe	Mild	Common
Shortness of breath	Rare	Rare	Common in severe cases
Loss of taste/smell	Rare	Rare	Common
Sneezing	Sometimes	Common	Rare

 

Prevention tips

If you fall ill with the flu, here are some tips for managing your symptoms and recovering more quickly:  

• Rest and stay hydrated: Drink lots of fluids such as water, broth, and herbal teas.

• Use natural remedies: Steam inhalation and warm saltwater gargles can help soothe congestion and a sore throat.

• Stay at home: Keep away from others for at least 24 hours after your fever breaks.

• Consider antiviral medications: When taken within 48 hours of onset of symptoms, antiviral drugs can reduce the severity of the illness.

• Consult a telehealth practitioner: Seek prompt medical advice, prescriptions, or referrals if your symptoms worsen.

 

How Hola Health can help

Hola Health supports older Australians in managing flu symptoms safely from their homes. With our 24/7 telehealth service, you can:  

• Consult with an Australian-registered doctor at any time for flu evaluations or advice.

• Receive online prescriptions for antiviral medications, which are most effective when initiated early.

• Obtain valid online medical certificates for rest and recovery.

• Access specialist referrals if your symptoms worsen or complications arise.

  Through a combination of early intervention and consistent support, Hola Health ensures that seniors receive dependable, compassionate assistance throughout the flu season.  

Conclusion 

  The flu does not have to pose a serious risk for older adults. With prompt care, vaccination, and early medical intervention, significant complications can be mitigated. Stay proactive, get vaccinated, practice good hygiene, and pay attention to your body. If symptoms emerge, connect with a Hola Health doctor online for swift, trustworthy medical guidance, enabling you to recover safely and with confidence at home.

FAQ

Why are older adults more at risk from the flu?

As people age, their immune systems weaken, making it harder to fight infections. Older adults are also more likely to have chronic conditions like diabetes, heart disease, or lung problems, which can lead to serious flu complications.

What are the early warning signs of severe flu in seniors?

Look out for shortness of breath, chest discomfort, sudden confusion, continuous high fever, extreme fatigue, or dehydration. If any of these symptoms occur, seek medical help immediately.

When should older adults go to the hospital for the flu?

Go to the emergency room or call for help if you experience chest pain, bluish lips, trouble breathing, fainting, or confusion. Persistent fever that doesn’t respond to medicine also needs urgent attention.

What complications can the flu cause in older people?

Flu complications in seniors can include pneumonia, dehydration, sepsis, heart strain, or bacterial infections like bronchitis. These can develop quickly without early treatment.

How can older adults prevent flu-related complications?

Getting an annual flu vaccination is the best prevention. Staying hydrated, maintaining good hygiene, and seeking medical care early also reduce risks. Seniors should avoid contact with sick individuals during flu season.

When is the best time to get the flu shot in Australia?

It’s best to get vaccinated by April, before the flu season peaks (June to September). The National Immunisation Program (NIP) offers free flu vaccines for adults aged 65 and over, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people, pregnant women, and those with chronic conditions.

How does the flu spread among older adults?

The flu spreads through droplets when an infected person coughs, sneezes, or talks. It can also spread via contaminated surfaces or close contact. Regular handwashing and mask-wearing during outbreaks help prevent infection.

How can you tell the difference between the flu, a cold, and COVID-19?

The flu usually comes on suddenly with a high fever, body aches, and fatigue. Colds are milder and gradual, while COVID-19 can vary and often includes loss of taste or smell. A telehealth doctor can help confirm the diagnosis.

What should I do if I catch the flu?

Rest, drink fluids, and stay home to avoid spreading the virus. Natural remedies like steam inhalation and saltwater gargles can help. Consult a doctor or telehealth service if symptoms worsen or persist.

Can I get antiviral medication for the flu online?

Yes. Through Hola Health’s telehealth service, an Australian-registered doctor can prescribe antiviral medications online. These are most effective when started within 48 hours of symptom onset.

Can I get a medical certificate if I’m unwell with the flu?

Absolutely. Hola Health doctors can provide valid online medical certificates for rest, recovery, or work leave — all issued securely and accepted across Australia.