What are the most common lingering COVID symptoms?
Written by Dr Nelson Lau, MBBS FRACGP, GP & Digital Health Specialist.

Contents

How is Long COVID defined?
Long COVID—or post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC)—is an umbrella term for a set of symptoms that lasts weeks or even months after an acute COVID-19 infection clears. The World Health Organization (WHO) classifies it as having symptoms that persist for over 12 weeks, with no other explanation for them. Long COVID can be especially vexing because there is no reliable way to predict who will end up with post-COVID symptoms and who, even after a severe acute infection, will have no lasting problems.Also read: Long COVID: Symptoms, risk factors, and treatment options
Experiencing these symptoms? Speak with a doctor within 15 minutes.
Why does COVID-19 cause ongoing health problems?
Scientists are still discovering what Long COVID is, but several theories for what happens after infection have emerged:- Immune system dysregulation: COVID-19 may hyperdrive the immune system, rendering inflammation unrelenting. This inflammation persists even after the virus itself has left the body, possibly harming tissues and organs.
- Viral persistence: The virus may leave traces of itself in the body, which can trigger ongoing symptoms.
- Tissue damage: Severe COVID-19 can harm the lungs, heart, or brain in ways that leave these organs working poorly for extended periods.
- Dysautonomia: For some individuals, COVID-19 appears to have a devastating impact on the autonomic nervous system, resulting in disorders such as postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS).
The most common lingering COVID symptoms
- Fatigue: A deep-seated, often debilitating tiredness that doesn’t get better with rest.
- Brain fog: Problems with memory, attention, and clear thinking, as if the brain is “slow.”
- Shortness of breath: Difficulty breathing, even with light activity.
- Chest pain: Discomfort that may indicate heart disease.
- Body pains: Feels like arthritis or fibromyalgia.
- Heart palpitations: An abnormal or irregular heartbeat.
- Sleep problems: Insomnia or unrefreshing sleep.
- Taste and smell: May take many months to return.
- Rare but worrisome symptoms: GI problems, skin rash, and chronic cough.
Who seem to be most at risk of developing post-COVID syndrome?
Anyone who’s had COVID-19 can get Long COVID, but some groups are at higher risk:- Individuals with severe COVID-19: Hospitalised or ICU patients are at increased risk, especially if their illness was severe and involved organ impairment.
- Women and middle-aged adults: Studies suggest women aged 30–60 years are more prone to be affected.
- Preexisting conditions: Those with diabetes, high blood pressure, or autoimmune diseases face elevated risk.
- The unvaccinated: With a greater risk of severe COVID-19, they also have a higher chance of Long COVID. Vaccination can reduce this risk.
What should someone who's experiencing post-COVID syndrome do?
Do not wait and hope that all symptoms of Long COVID will disappear. Follow these steps:- Keep track of your symptoms: Record in a journal or health app how often symptoms occur and how severe they are. This information can be helpful when reporting to a provider.
- Develop a healthy lifestyle: Eat well, stay hydrated, and engage in light physical activity. Gradually increase your activity level—overexertion may exacerbate symptoms.
- Incorporate mindfulness and stress reduction: Activities such as yoga, meditation, or deep breathing can help with the psychological effects of Long COVID.
- Hydration and electrolytes: Proper hydration may alleviate fatigue and brain fog. Coconut water and other electrolyte beverages are good alternatives.
- Anti-inflammatory foods: Foods high in antioxidants, such as berries, nuts, fish, and leafy green vegetables, should be included in your diet.
- Sleep hygiene: Avoid screens before bedtime and maintain a regular sleep schedule to improve sleep quality.
- Pace yourself: Plan your day to include energy conservation.
When to seek doctor’s appointment?
Seek medical care if your post-COVID symptoms are causing significant disruptions in your life or worsening over time. Key symptoms that require professional attention include:- Chest pain, shortness of breath, and heart palpitations (potential heart or lung problems).
- Neurological symptoms such as confusion or severe headaches.
- Persistent fatigue despite getting enough rest.
How can telehealth help?
Telehealth can be a valuable tool for Long COVID patients:- Convenience: Online appointments eliminate the need to travel, which can be difficult for those with fatigue or mobility issues.
- Access to specialists: Telehealth provides access to Long COVID specialists even if they are located far away.
- Symptom monitoring: Many telehealth solutions include remote monitoring tools to track symptoms like oxygen levels and heart rate.
The last point: Recovery is a process
Long COVID can be frustrating and unpredictable, but recovery is possible. Coping with symptoms, knowing when to reach out for help, and being kind to yourself are crucial. If you’re feeling overwhelmed, contact a health care provider—your health is worth the investment.Need time off to recover? Get your medical certificate online within 15 minutes.
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This content is created for informational purposes only. It is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice. Always seek the guidance of your doctor or other qualified health professional with any questions you may have regarding your health or a medical condition. For emergencies please immediately contact 000.
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For urgent medical help & in case of emergency,
call 000.
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