Illnesses that cause flu-like symptoms

This blog is for educational purposes only and does not replace professional medical advice or diagnosis. If you have health concerns, consult an AHPRA-registered telehealth doctor or request a medical certificate online if clinically appropriate. Please note: Hola Health does not currently offer Mental Health Care Plans.

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Overview

Influenza (the flu) is a viral illness that spreads widely in Australia, especially during winter. Each year, thousands of Aussies are diagnosed with the flu, with over 200,000 cases reported to the National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System in 2023. While many recover at home, or through a treatment from a telehealth doctor, the flu can be serious for older adults, children, and those with chronic health conditions.

What is influenza (the flu)?

The flu is a contagious respiratory infection caused by influenza viruses. It spreads through coughing, sneezing, and close contact, and often comes on suddenly. Unlike the common cold, the flu usually causes stronger symptoms and can lead to complications.

Common Symptoms of the Flu

1. Fever and chills – Often sudden, with temperatures rising quickly
2. Cough (dry or chesty) – Persistent and can last longer than other symptoms
3. Sore throat – Often severe and paired with a cough
4. Runny or blocked nose – Sometimes mistaken for a cold, but paired with more severe fatigue
5. Headaches – Can be intense and worsen with fever
6. Muscle aches and joint pain – Common and make it hard to move around
7. Extreme tiredness – Fatigue that lingers even after other symptoms ease
8. Loss of appetite – Many people struggle to eat during the illness

Illnesses that can cause flu-like symptoms

Certain illnesses have similar symptoms to the flu, making diagnosis challenging without testing. Here are five common conditions that may cause flu-like symptoms:

COVID-19:

COVID-19, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, shares symptoms with the flu, such as fever, chills, body aches, and fatigue. However, COVID-19 often includes unique symptoms like loss of taste or smell, which rarely occur with the flu. COVID can also cause prolonged symptoms (known as “long COVID”) that persist even after recovery from the acute phase.

Mononucleosis (Mono):

Also called “the kissing disease,” or glandular fever, mono is caused by the Epstein-Barr virus. It produces flu-like symptoms, including fatigue, sore throat, and swollen lymph nodes, but fever in mono is often less intense and can last longer. Mono typically also causes extreme fatigue that may persist for weeks or even months.

Strep throat:

Strep throat, a bacterial infection, can cause fever, sore throat, and swollen lymph nodes. While body aches are less common, people with strep throat often experience throat pain, difficulty swallowing, and white patches in the throat. Unlike viral illnesses, strep requires antibiotics for effective treatment.

Pneumonia:

Pneumonia, an infection of the lungs, can present flu-like symptoms, including fever, chills, fatigue, and body aches. Unlike the flu, pneumonia may also cause shortness of breath, chest pain, and a persistent, sometimes productive cough.

How can you tell if you have the flu, COVID, or another illness?

Flu, COVID-19, and other infections share common symptoms, making it difficult to differentiate them without medical testing. Here are a few distinctions:

1. Symptom duration: The flu generally lasts 1–2 weeks, while COVID-19 symptoms may extend or recur due to long COVID.
2. Unique symptoms: Loss of taste or smell is more characteristic of COVID-19, while a sore throat with visible white patches is typical of strep throat.
3. Physical signs: Conditions like the flu may present with a runny nose and cough, whereas mono often leads to prolonged fatigue and swollen lymph nodes.

Testing is often necessary to confirm the cause, as these overlapping symptoms can make at-home diagnosis challenging.

What tests can diagnose flu-like illnesses?

Several tests are available to confirm the cause of flu-like symptoms:

• Rapid flu test: A swab test that provides quick results for influenza.
• COVID-19 test: PCR or antigen tests can detect COVID-19. These are available at healthcare facilities, pharmacies, and for at-home use.
• Monospot test: A blood test used to diagnose mono.
• Strep test: A rapid test or throat culture can confirm strep throat.
• Blood tests and imaging: For conditions like pneumonia, blood tests and chest X-rays may be necessary for accurate diagnosis.

How are flu-like symptoms treated?

Treating flu-like symptoms depends on the underlying cause, but general supportive care includes:

1. Rest and hydration: Adequate rest and fluid intake support immune function and recovery.
2. Over-the-counter medications: Medications like paracetamol or ibuprofen can reduce fever and body aches. Decongestants or cough suppressants may relieve other symptoms.
3. Antivirals or antibiotics: Prescription antivirals are available for the flu, while antibiotics treat bacterial infections like strep throat.
4. Hydration and nutrition: Proper hydration is vital, especially for illnesses with fever, to prevent dehydration.

When a specific diagnosis is confirmed, your healthcare provider will provide targeted treatment. Adhering to their guidance can help prevent complications and improve recovery times.

Self-care & home management

In many cases, flu-like illnesses can be managed at home with supportive care:

1. Rest – Your body needs energy to fight the virus.
2. Stay hydrated – Drink plenty of water, soups, or herbal teas.
3. Use over-the-counter relief – Paracetamol or ibuprofen may ease fever and aches.
4. Soothing remedies – Saltwater gargles or lozenges for sore throat.
5. Stay home – Prevent spreading the flu to others by avoiding school or work.

Can flu-like symptoms be prevented?

There are preventive measures to reduce the risk of contracting flu-like illnesses:

1. Vaccination: Annual flu shots and COVID-19 vaccinations significantly reduce the risk of severe illness.
2. Hygiene practices: Frequent handwashing, using sanitiser, and avoiding touching your face can prevent the spread of germs.
3. Avoiding sick contacts: Avoid close contact with those who are ill, especially during flu season.
4. Healthy lifestyle: Maintaining a balanced diet, getting regular exercise, and managing stress support a strong immune system.

When to see a doctor via Hola Health telehealth

Telehealth services offer a convenient option for managing flu-like symptoms from home. Here’s when telehealth is a suitable choice:

1. Mild symptoms: If symptoms are mild and manageable, an online doctor consultation can provide advice and potential prescriptions.
2. Need for symptom relief: A telehealth provider can suggest over-the-counter remedies or prescribe medications to ease symptoms.
3. Monitoring chronic conditions: If you have a chronic condition (like asthma) and develop flu-like symptoms, a telehealth consultation can help monitor your health.
4. Medical documentation needs: When you need an sick certificate online for work or GP referrals.

A telehealth appointment can be a convenient first step, though an in-person visit may be necessary for testing or if symptoms worsen.