Symptoms of influenza

Overview

Each year in Australia, numerous individuals fall ill with the flu, often mistaking the initial signs for a typical cold. Influenza is a highly infectious viral illness that impacts the respiratory system, including the nose, throat, and lungs. Identifying symptoms promptly is crucial for preventing complications and minimising the spread, especially during Australia's peak flu season. Being aware of what to recognise enables you to take swift action and recover more efficiently.

What Is Influenza (Flu)?

Influenza, often referred to as the flu, is a viral infection that transmits through droplets released when an infected individual coughs, sneezes, or speaks. In contrast to a cold, flu symptoms emerge abruptly and are generally more intense. The peak flu season in Australia occurs from May to September. Groups at higher risk include:

• Elderly individuals
• Those with chronic health conditions
• Pregnant individuals
• Indigenous Australians and Torres Strait Islander peoples

Common symptoms

Common flu symptoms typically arise suddenly and can include:

• High fever or chills, typically highly pronounced and develop rapidly
• Dry and persistent cough, occasionally severe
• Sore throat
• Nasal congestion or runniness
• Headache, often more intense than what is experienced with a cold
• Fatigue and muscle aches can linger for several weeks
• Sweating and shivering
• Decreased appetite

In contrast to COVID-19, losing taste and smell is not as prevalent with the flu.

Serious symptoms

Seek immediate medical assistance if you experience:

• Difficulty breathing or rapid breathing
• Chest pain or a feeling of tightness
• A persistent high fever (39°C or more)
• Confusion, lightheadedness, or fainting
• Bluish colouration of the lips or face
• Extreme weakness or signs of dehydration

If symptoms are severe, dial 000 or proceed to the nearest emergency department.

Flu symptoms vs  common cold

Symptom	Cold	Flu
Onset	Gradual	Sudden
Fever	Rare	Common, often high
Body aches	Mild	Common, often severe
Fatigue	Mild	Moderate to severe
Headache	Mild	Common
Complications	Rare	More likely

Timeline of flu symptoms

Days	What to expect
1-3	Sudden fever, chills, body aches, headache, sore throat
3-5	Peak symptoms: fatigue, cough, nasal congestion
5-7	Fever improves, cough and tiredness may continue
1-2 weeks	Recovery phase – fatigue may linger

Some people, especially older adults or those with chronic illnesses, may take longer to recover.

When to see a doctor

You should pursue medical advice if:

• You have a persistent high fever that does not improve after three days
• You experience problems with breathing or chest pain
• You feel overwhelming fatigue or signs of dehydration
• Symptoms deteriorate after an initial period of improvement
• You belong to a group at higher risk

How Hola Health can help

Hola Health makes it easier to manage flu symptoms and recovery.

• Flu assessments available online or in-person
• Quick testing and diagnosis
• Prescriptions for managing symptoms
• Flu vaccination services
• Convenient telehealth appointment scheduling

Conclusion

Flu symptoms manifest suddenly and are typically more intense than those of a cold. Early detection, adequate rest, and medical support can help prevent complications and safeguard those around you. Staying informed and getting vaccinated annually are essential measures to help prevent the flu.

FAQs

What are the initial indications of the flu?

Rapid fever, chills, headaches, sore throat, and fatigue are early indicators of influenza.

How do flu symptoms compare to a cold?

Flu symptoms occur suddenly and are more intense, featuring higher fever and more pronounced body aches than a cold.

How long does the flu typically last in adults?

Most individuals recover within 7 to 10 days, although fatigue can persist for up to two weeks.

Can a person have the flu without experiencing a fever?

Yes, some individuals, particularly older adults, might have mild or no fever but still exhibit other flu symptoms.

What temperature qualifies as a high fever with the flu?

A fever reaching 39°C or above is deemed high and may require medical attention.

When should I consult a doctor regarding flu symptoms?

If symptoms worsen, last longer than a week, or if you experience chest pain, shortness of breath, or dehydration.

Is the flu infectious?

Yes, it easily spreads through respiratory droplets and can be contagious one day before the onset of symptoms and up to five days thereafter.

How can I differentiate between the flu and COVID-19?

The flu typically has a rapid onset of symptoms, whereas COVID-19 often includes loss of taste or smell. Testing is necessary for accurate diagnosis.

What are the indicators of severe flu symptoms?

Signs of severe flu include difficulty breathing, chest pain, confusion, and a persistent high fever.