Flu Stages: A Day-by-Day Guide and Recovery

Summary: Understand the flu, its causes, symptoms, and stages from incubation to recovery. Here's a day-by-day flu timeline, when it is in contagious period, and the key differences between the flu and COVID-19.

The flu or influenza is a contagious viral infection caused by the influenza virus. It usually infects the nose, throat, upper airways and sometimes the lungs. It usually occurs in seasonal outbreaks globally with symptoms varying from mild to severe. Australia’s 2024 influenza season marked a significant surge surpassing last year’s with more than 351,000 confirmed cases, up from 289,00 in 2023.  

Understanding the stages of the flu and the healing process can help individuals manage the illness effectively, prevent complications, and make an uneventful recovery.  

What are the stages of the flu?

The stages of the flu typically unfold as follows: 

1. Incubation period (1 to 4 days after exposure):

The flu virus enters the body, but symptoms remain absent. This is the period when the virus is replicating inside the body. 

2. Onset of symptoms (day 1):

Symptoms appear abruptly, often including fever, shivers, sore throat, body aches, and fatigue. Some may also experience a runny nose or headache. 

3. Increasing symptoms (days 2-3):

Symptoms intensify, with the fever often reaching its highest point. The cough becomes more frequent, aches and pains worsen, and fatigue sets in.  

4. Peak of illness (day 4-5):

The flu reaches its worst point, with high temperature, ongoing body aches, sore throat, cough and fatigue. 

5. Healing stage (day 6-7):

Symptoms improve after reaching their peak. The fever decreases, body aches lessen, and sore throat, cough and nasal congestion subside. However, fatigue may linger. 

6. Recovery (day 8 and beyond):

A cough and lingering fatigue may persist but complete recovery by two weeks is usual for most people.  Understanding these phases can help you manage symptoms and know when to seek medical attention, if necessary.  

Flu timeline day-by-day (type A and B)

Here is a day-by-day timeline of the flu which can help you understand what to expect during the illness: 

Day 0:

You might not be aware, but the flu virus is now inside you. The influenza virus is transmitted through tiny water droplets released when an infected person coughs or sneezes. These droplets can settle on your skin, eyes, or face, or you may inhale them into your lungs. Although you may not feel unwell, the flu virus will begin to replicate inside your body. It can also spread to others when you cough, sneeze, or through contact with your saliva.  

Day 1:

If you were exposed to the flu yesterday, the virus has had enough time to settle in. Even if you feel perfectly fine when you wake up, you might still be contagious. As the day progresses, you will notice the first signs of sickness such as body aches, fever, chills, scratchy throat, or fatigue.  Your immune system is already working to fight off the flu virus. This is one of the reasons you feel tired.  It’s time to take a break from your regular activities. Focus on keeping hydrated and giving your body the rest it requires. If you are vulnerable to complications from the flu, inform your doctor about the symptoms as soon as possible. A flu test might be helpful, and some people might benefit from antiviral treatment (e.g., Tamiflu). 

Day 2:

Your fever, body aches, and sore throat may have kept you up at night. And now you are likely to have a cough and stuffy nose as well. Antiviral medication may be indicated for some people with underlying health conditions, but these need to be started within a few days of symptom onset to be effective.   To ensure your comfort and hydration, hot tea with lemon, clear soups, and fluids are advised. Be mindful of how your body feels and take adequate rest.  

Day 3:

Symptoms will usually persist into day 3 with body aches, fevers, cough and fatigue. Keep hydrated and try to eat something bland even if your appetite is low.  

Day 4:

You are probably tired of being unwell but day 4 is often a turning point for many people. While your symptoms are still strong and you may have a slight fever, you might notice some improvement by the end of the day. 

Day 5:

There are noticeable improvements today. Your fever has probably disappeared or is almost back to normal. You are still going through tissues, but are beginning to regain your appetite.  You are becoming less contagious daily, but the virus is still in your system. Continue to rest and stay home.   If your symptoms worsen instead of improving today, consult a healthcare provider, particularly if you have an underlying health condition such as asthma, chronic lung disease or immune system disorders.  

Day 6 and beyond:

By now it’s clear where things are going—soon you will be back at work or school. You can return to normal life once your fever has been completely gone for 24 hours and your symptoms improve.  Remember, you won’t feel completely recovered for a few more days. Some symptoms, especially the cough, may linger for another week or so. You may feel tired for some time. Stay rested. 

What is the contagious period of the flu?

The flu is typically contagious from one or two days before symptoms appear and up to 7 days after becoming unwell. Individuals are most infectious during the first 3-4 days of the illness. Some individuals, such as young children, older adults, and those with immune system disorders, may remain contagious for longer. It is crucial to stay home and minimise interactions with others during this time to avoid transmitting the virus. 

How long am I contagious with the flu?

You are contagious from one or two days before symptoms start for up to 7 days after. The highest chance of transmitting the flu typically is during the initial 3-4 days of the illness, when symptoms are most severe. For certain individuals, particularly young children and those with immune system disorders, the period of contagiousness may extend beyond this. It is recommended to stay at home and limit contact with others until at least 24 hours after your fever has resolved without the need for anti-pyretic medication. 

How do you know your flu is getting better?

Signs that your flu is improving include a decrease in fever, reduced body aches, and an overall increase in energy levels. The most severe symptoms, such as chills, sore throat, and nasal congestion, generally start to subside, and you might observe a decrease in coughing episodes. However, a mild cough or tiredness can stick around for a few more days even after you start to feel better. If you observe these encouraging changes, it’s a strong indication that your body is on the mend. 

How can I avoid getting the flu?

To avoid getting the flu, follow these preventive measures: 

1. Receive the flu vaccination: The flu vaccine is the best way to defend against the virus, as it aids your body in developing immunity to the most prevalent strains.
2. Maintain proper hygiene: Wash your hands with soap and water for at least 20 seconds, particularly after sneezing, coughing, or touching shared items.
3. Steer clear of individuals who are ill: Keep your distance from those exhibiting flu symptoms, and if you're feeling unwell, remain at home to prevent spreading the virus.
4. Cover your mouth and nose: Always use a tissue or your elbow to cover your mouth and nose when you cough or sneeze.
5. Sanitise frequently touched surfaces: Regularly clean surfaces such as doorknobs, light switches, and phones to minimise the transmission of germs.
6. Boost your immune system: Consume a nutritious diet, engage in regular physical activity, get adequate sleep, and manage your stress levels to help keep your immune system robust.
7. Use a mask in crowded areas: During flu season or in environments with a high risk of exposure, donning a mask can help limit the transmission of the flu virus.

Also read: Difference Between The Flu And The Cold

Difference between the flu and COVID-19

The flu and COVID-19 are both respiratory illnesses caused by different viruses. The influenza virus causes the flu, while the SARS-CoV-2 virus causes COVID-19. Although they share similar symptoms, there are key differences between the two.

1. Symptoms: Both can result in fever, cough, fatigue, body aches, and a sore throat. However, COVID-19 is more likely to lead to a loss of taste or smell and breathing problems.
2. Severity: both infections can be severe, particularly among older adults or individuals with preexisting health conditions.
3. How they spread: Both viruses transmit through coughs, sneezes, and close physical proximity. COVID-19 is more easily spread, even from individuals without symptoms, and has a longer incubation period (2-14 days compared to 1-4 days for the flu).
4. Prevention and treatment: Annual flu vaccinations are offered to protect against different strains of the flu virus. COVID-19 vaccines aim to prevent severe illness and reduce the spread of the virus. Antiviral treatments can be effective for both flu and COVID-19. Because the symptoms of these illnesses can be alike, the best way to tell them apart is by getting tested.

Know about covid oral antivirals and eligibility.  

What should you eat when you have the flu?

When you have the flu, it's important to eat foods that help support your immune system, stay hydrated, and provide comfort. Here are some foods that are beneficial during flu recovery: 

1. Broth-based soups: Warm soups, especially those made with chicken or vegetable broth, can help ease a sore throat, keep you hydrated, and deliver important nutrients.
2. Foods high in vitamin C: Citrus fruits (such as oranges, lemons, and grapefruits), strawberries, bell peppers, and broccoli are abundant in vitamin C, which can enhance immune function.
3. Ginger and honey: Ginger may help alleviate nausea and inflammation, while honey possesses soothing and antimicrobial qualities. Mixing both into warm tea can provide additional relief.
4. Bananas: Bananas are gentle on the stomach, offer a quick energy source, and are high in potassium, which is beneficial if you're experiencing dehydration from fever or sweating.
5. Applesauce: If solid foods are difficult to consume, applesauce is a soft alternative that offers some vitamins and is easy to digest.
6. Plain rice, toast, and crackers: When dealing with nausea or an upset stomach, simple foods such as plain rice, toast, and crackers are easy to digest and help provide needed energy.
7. Herbal teas: Herbal teas like chamomile or peppermint can alleviate sore throats, minimise nausea, and support hydration.
8. Yogurt: The probiotics in yogurt contribute to gut health, particularly if you're on antibiotics for secondary infections. Opt for low-sugar or plain types to limit sugar intake.
9. Hydration: Ensure you stay hydrated by consuming water, electrolyte-rich beverages, or coconut water. Maintaining adequate fluid intake is essential to prevent dehydration, especially when experiencing fever, sweating, or a runny nose. 

Also read: Is It OK to Get a Flu Shot If You Have the Flu?

When to speak to a doctor?

It's advisable to reach out to a doctor if your flu symptoms worsen or do not show improvement after a few days. Get medical help if you have trouble breathing, ongoing chest pain, a high fever that doesn't decrease, confusion, or signs of dehydration (such as light-headedness or less urination). Individuals at high risk, including pregnant individuals, young children, older adults, and those with chronic health issues, should see a doctor promptly to avoid complications. If your symptoms get worse or you're uncertain whether it's the flu or something else like COVID-19, a doctor can offer advice, suggest treatment options, and, if necessary, prescribe antiviral medicines. 

How can telehealth with an online GP help?

Telehealth with an online general practitioner offers a convenient option for obtaining medical advice without the need to go to a clinic. During a virtual appointment, a doctor can evaluate symptoms, suggest at-home treatments, and decide if additional care is required. 

When needed, healthcare providers can prescribe antiviral medications for the flu, offer dietary recommendations, and suggest lifestyle changes to support recovery. Telehealth is especially advantageous for high-risk individuals, such as pregnant women, the elderly, and those with chronic illnesses, as it allows them to receive timely care while reducing the risk of exposure to other illnesses. Additionally, an online GP can help differentiate between the flu, COVID-19, and other infections, advising patients on whether testing is necessary. Hola Health’s telehealth service provides a convenient way to manage flu symptoms quickly and effectively: 

• Telehealth consultations: Connect with a doctor 24/7 for an assessment of your flu symptoms and tailored treatment advice.
• Instant scripts: Receive electronic scripts for covid oral antivirals or other medications, ready for local pharmacy pickup or delivery.
• Dr referrals: If further care is needed, your doctor can provide specialist referrals.
• Medical certificates: Easily obtain a medical certificate if the flu impacts your ability to work or study. 

This service offers prompt, convenient, and expert medical support from the comfort of one’s home. 

FAQs

How long does the flu typically last?

The flu typically lasts for around five to seven days, although some symptoms such as fatigue and cough can linger for 2-3 weeks. Most individuals get better within a week with sufficient rest and appropriate care. 

What is the last stage of the flu?

The last stage of the flu involves recovery, during which symptoms like fever, body aches, and chills resolve. Nonetheless, lingering fatigue, weakness, and a mild cough may continue for a few additional days or weeks as the body fully recuperates. 

Can you get the flu back-to-back? 

Yes, catching the flu back-to-back is possible if you come into contact with a different strain of the virus. Immunity to one strain doesn't guarantee protection against a different strain, therefore it's essential to receive annual flu vaccinations for effective prevention. 

To summarise, the flu generally persists for 1 to 2 weeks, with symptoms intensifying before gradually improving. Most people recover with rest and self-care; however, it's important to seek medical help if symptoms worsen or complications arise. By understanding the stages of the flu, you can manage the illness more efficiently and accelerate your recovery.