What is generalised anxiety disorder? Treatment options in Australia 

Overview

Experiencing anxiety is a natural and beneficial reaction to stress, aiding us in remaining alert and prepared. However, when feelings of worry become persistent, overwhelming, and hard to manage, it could indicate a more serious issue.

Generalised anxiety disorder (GAD) is a chronic mental health condition marked by excessive and persistent worry about a range of everyday matters, occurring more days than not. It can affect work, personal relationships, sleep, and overall quality of life.

According to the expert psychotherapist Amira, the reassuring news is that GAD is treatable, and effective support is widely available in Australia.

What is generalised anxiety disorder?

Answer by Amira, an expert therapist -

GAD is a long-term condition characterised by excessive, ongoing anxiety and worry that is difficult to control, often focused on everyday concerns such as health, family, finances, or work. Unlike temporary stress, these worries are frequent, occurring on most days.

For a diagnosis, symptoms usually persist for six months or longer. GAD is common in Australia and can affect people of all ages, often developing gradually over time.

Common symptoms

Emotional and cognitive symptoms

• Ongoing worry
• Feeling tense
• Struggling to concentrate
• Catastrophic thinking
• Irritability

Physical symptoms

• Exhaustion
• Muscle tightness
• Restlessness
• Rapid heartbeat
• Difficulty sleeping
• Digestive or stomach problems

Behavioural symptoms

• Avoiding particular situations
• Seeking reassurance
• Excessively checking or planning

What causes GAD?

GAD does not stem from a single source. Instead, it arises from a combination of biological, psychological, and environmental influences, including:

• Family history or genetic predisposition
• Previous trauma or negative experiences
• Chronic stress
• Personality traits such as perfectionism or a strong sense of responsibility
• Specific medical conditions or side effects from medications
• Alterations in brain chemistry

How GAD is diagnosed

Diagnosis typically starts with a visit to a GP, who will evaluate your symptoms, medical history, and the duration of your anxiety.

They may utilise screening tools such as the K10 or GAD-7 to gauge severity. Your GP will also rule out physical conditions, such as thyroid disorders or anemia.

If necessary, they might refer you to a psychologist or psychiatrist for specialised assistance.

Treatment options for GAD

Psychological treatments

• Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT): Assists in identifying and challenging unhelpful beliefs and replacing them with more balanced perspectives.
• Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT): Teaches acceptance of difficult thoughts while promoting actions aligned with one's values.
• Mindfulness-based therapy: Aids in calming the mind and enhancing emotional regulation.
• General counselling: Provides support, coping mechanisms, and structured problem-solving.

Medication options

GPs or psychiatrists may prescribe medications such as:

• SSRIs (sertraline, escitalopram)
• SNRIs (venlafaxine, duloxetine)
• Short-term anti-anxiety medications, used only when necessary and under careful supervision

Medication is regularly monitored to ensure safety and effectiveness.

Lifestyle management and self-help strategies

• Regular physical activity
• Healthy sleep patterns
• Limiting caffeine and alcohol intake
• Journaling or tracking thoughts
• Breathing exercises
• Practising relaxation and mindfulness techniques

These approaches complement and enhance professional treatment.

Support services in Australia

• Beyond Blue
• Lifeline
• Head to Health
• Employee Assistance Programs (EAPs)

These organisations offer counselling, resources, and emotional support.

Medicare and mental health treatment in Australia

Australians can access subsidised care through:

• Mental Health Treatment Plans (MHTPs)
• Rebated psychology sessions (in-person or via telehealth)
• Telehealth consultations with GPs
• Options to minimise out-of-pocket expenses

This makes mental health care more affordable and accessible.

When to consult a doctor

You should consult a GP if:

• Symptoms persist for more than two weeks
• You find it difficult to function at work, school, or home
• You experience panic attacks or severe physical symptoms
• Your sleep is disrupted
• You feel overwhelmed or unable to cope

How Hola Health can help

Hola Health provides accessible and supportive care, including:

• Online consultations with GPs
• Referrals to psychologists
• Mental Health Treatment Plans
• Medication reviews and continual management
• Convenient follow-up from home

Conclusion

Generalised anxiety disorder is a prevalent yet highly treatable condition. With the appropriate combination of psychological assistance, lifestyle adjustments, and medical intervention, many see positive changes in their everyday lives and overall well-being.

If excessive worry is affecting your daily functioning, speaking with a GP is an important first step toward recovery.

FAQ

Is GAD the same as regular anxiety?

No. Regular anxiety is short-lived, whereas GAD consists of ongoing and uncontrollable worry.

Can GAD resolve on its own?

Symptoms might vary, but typically require treatment for noticeable improvement.

How long does the treatment process take?

It differs for everyone—some individuals show improvement within weeks, while others need longer-lasting assistance.

What is the most effective approach to treat GAD?

Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT), along with lifestyle modifications and, if necessary, medication.

Can online doctors assist with anxiety treatment?

Yes. They can evaluate symptoms, create Mental Health Treatment Plans, refer to psychologists, and manage prescriptions.