Most common reasons for sick days: Should you take sick leave?

Sick leave is crucial to employee well-being and workplace productivity in Australia. Recent data reveals significant trends in sick leave patterns across the country. Here are some key highlights: 

• In 2024 (source), the average number of sick leave days per employee in Australia increased to 13.8 days per year. This represents a notable rise from previous years, indicating changing workplace dynamics and health concerns. 
• In 2023, research from the Victorian Public Sector Commission provided insights into public sector sick leave patterns: 45% of non-casual public sector employees took 5 days or less of personal leave, 10% took more than 20 days of personal leave and the average time taken as personal leave was 10.6 days per employee. 
• In January 2022, a study by the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS)  highlighted the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on work absences. During this period, around 450,000 people (3.4% of employed individuals) were away from work sick for an entire week, a figure more than four times the pre-pandemic average. 
• A 2020 study of a secondary hospital in Australia found that employees took an average of 8.81 sick leave days, which was less than the Australian average of 9.7 days at that time. 

Sick leave statistics in Australia

Year	Source	Key findings
2024	Labour Force Survey Quarter 2 2024	Average sick leave per employee increased to 13.8 days per year.
2023	Victorian Public Sector Commission	45% of non-casual public sector employees took 5 days or less of personal leave. 10% took more than 20 days. The average personal leave taken was 10.6 days per employee.
2022	Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS)	450,000 people (3.4% of employed individuals) were sick for an entire week. This was 4x the pre-pandemic average.
2020	Study in an Australian secondary hospital	Employees took an average of 8.81 sick leave days, lower than the Australian average of 9.7 days at the time.

These statistics reflect the evolving nature of sick leave in Australia, influenced by factors such as the COVID-19 pandemic, changing work environments, and increased awareness of mental health issues. This is why thousands of employees in Australia have opted for telehealth services with Hola Health for fast, convenient and genuine health care. As we delve deeper into the common reasons for taking sick leave, it's essential to consider these trends and their implications for both employees and employers. 

Reasons for sick leave

Studies have shown that carer’s leave and leave related to  COVID-19 are more common. Key highlights from the 2023 Absence Management and Wellbeing Report include: 

1. Employee absenteeism increased by 23% (2.5 days) from 2019, with an average of 14 sick leave days taken in 2022. 
2. The main reasons for absenteeism are carer's leave, COVID-19-related needs, and taking sick leave when not ill. 
3. Perceived underreporting of absences rose from 36% in 2019 to 55% in 2023. 
4. 80% of surveyed companies reported that COVID restrictions led to increased absences. 

There are various reasons employees may need to take a sick leave. Here are some of the most common reasons: 

1. Common cold and flu: The common cold and flu are among the frequent causes of sick leave. In 2022, a surge in cold and flu cases led to a 50% increase in workplace sick leave in Australia. These infectious illnesses often lead to symptoms like fever, congestion, tiredness, or a sore throat which can hinder work productivity. 
2. Mental health issues:  Mental health disorders, including anxiety, stress, and depression, are now widely accepted as valid reasons for taking sick leave. These conditions can significantly affect a person’s ability to focus, communication with coworkers, and work performance. A survey of over 5000 workers indicated that 25% of workers took time off each year for stress-related reasons.  
3.  Gastrointestinal problems: Illnesses such as food poisoning, gastroenteritis, or irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), often lead to symptoms like nausea, diarrhoea, or vomiting, necessitating time off from work.  
4. Injuries: Injuries from accidents at work or in personal life can lead to sprains, fractures, or other physical trauma, requiring time off for recovery and treatment. In 2021-22, 3.5% of people who worked in the previous 12 months experienced a work-related injury or illness.   
5. Musculoskeletal disorders: Back pain, joint pain, and repetitive strain injuries are common reasons for taking sick leave. They may develop from bad posture, overexertion, or physical demands of work. In Australia, musculoskeletal conditions are the leading cause of disease burden and lost working days.  
6. Chronic health conditions: Chronic conditions like asthma, autoimmune disorders, heart disease, and diabetes, may require temporary sick leave for medical appointments, flare-ups, or adjustments in treatment. 
7. Pregnancy-related issues: During pregnancy, women may require time off for health reasons, including morning sickness, complications, or medical appointments. In 2017, 93% of women who worked while pregnant took leave. 
8. Family caregiving responsibilities: Employees may sometimes need to take sick leave to look after an ill family member or child, which is included under some family leave policies in the workplace. According to a report by the Australian Institute of Family Studies, about one in seven workers who have a living parent or parent-in-law took time off to provide help to a parent.  

Also read: 10 common reasons to get a medical certificate online

Common reason for sick leave mostly accepted at workplace

Here’s a list of common reasons for sick leave that are typically accepted in most workplaces. Please note this as a disclaimer that the information provided in this section is general in nature and may not cover all aspects of workplace rights and obligations. For specific and up-to-date information, please consult official government sources such as the Fair Work Ombudsman, SafeWork Australia, or seek legal advice. Workplace laws and regulations can vary by state and industry, so it's important to verify information relevant to your specific situation. 

1. Common illnesses

• Colds and flu: You might have a fever, cough, runny nose, or body aches. 
• Stomach problems: This includes stomach infections, food poisoning, diarrhoea, or vomiting. 
• Infections: Some common infections include conjunctivitis, streptococcal pharyngitis, or other communicable diseases.

2. Ongoing conditions (When symptoms aggravate)

• Bad headaches or migraines. 
• Asthma or allergies: These can act up because of things in the environment or changes in the seasons. 
• Diabetes: Individuals may experience conditions characterised by either reduced or elevated blood sugar levels. 

3. Mental health concerns

• Feeling stressed or burned out. 
• Episodes of anxiety or depression. 

4. Injuries

• Minor injuries: Such as sprains, fractures, or back pain. 
• Post-Surgical Recovery: Short recovery period following minor medical procedures. 

5. Contagious diseases:

Mitigating workplace exposure to COVID-19, Influenza, and other viral illlnesses. It is imperative to implement measures that ensure the safety of all individuals in the workplace by preventing the spread of contagious diseases such as COVID-19 and influenza. 

6. Childcare:

An employee may take sick leave to care for children or dependents who are experiencing illness.

7. Additional valid reasons

• Dental concerns: Conditions such as severe toothaches, root canal procedures, or pain following dental surgery. 
• Ocular problems: Instances of temporary vision impairment or recovery following eye surgery. 
• Vaccination side effects: Symptoms that may include temporary fatigue, fever, or soreness 

Also read: Can you get a sick certificate online in Australia? 

Why Australians require a medical certificate?

Australians may require a medical certificate for several reasons, especially in the context of work, legal obligations, and health insurance. The most common reasons include:  

• Sick leave verification: In a workplace, employers often require employees to provide a medical certificate if they take sick leave for an extended period. This document verifies that the employee was unwell and unable to work, ensuring that sick leave benefits are used properly and preventing misuse.  
• Health insurance claims: An instant medical certificate may be required to confirm an illness, injury, or condition for individuals seeking to claim related expenses or benefits. This helps insurance companies evaluate the legitimacy of the claim and determine coverage.  
• Legal obligations: The Fair Work Act 2009 stipulates that employees must provide documentation for personal or caregiver leave when requested by their employer. 

Can I get a medical certificate and a bulk billing prescription for common sick day reasons?

Yes, if you're unwell due to common issues like colds, migraines, stomach bugs, or fatigue, it's important to rest and recover—and taking sick leave is valid. You can book a bulk billed telehealth consultation to get a medical certificate and, if required, receive a bulk billing prescription for your condition, all covered under Medicare for eligible patients.

When do people request sick leave?

People typically request sick leave in the following situations: 

1. Physical illness or injury: Individuals may encounter health issues such as colds, influenza, fever, or various infections. Additionally, recovery from injuries, including sprains, fractures, or surgical procedures, is also considered.  
2. Contagious illnesses: Employees are encouraged to refrain from attending work when afflicted with infectious diseases such as COVID-19, chickenpox, or other transmissible conditions to avoid the risk of contagion.  
3. Mental health concerns: Situations involving substantial stress, anxiety, depression, or burnout can significantly impair an individual's capacity to perform effectively in their role.  
4. Chronic medical conditions: Individuals may experience persistent health conditions, such as migraines, asthma, or arthritis, such circumstances may require an individual to be absent from their professional duties.
5. Responsibilities for dependents: Time away from work may be required to provide care for a sick child, an elderly parent, or another dependent who requires assistance. Carer leave certificate is available to help in such situations.
6. Preventive and follow-up healthcare: Attending medical appointments or follow-up care, including vaccinations or therapy sessions is essential for maintaining health and requires time away from work.  
7. Recovery from medical interventions: Individuals may need to take time off for rehabilitation or recovery following medical procedures or surgeries.  
8. Emergencies related to health: Urgent health issues that arise suddenly and necessitate immediate medical attention or rest require prompt action and may result in time away from professional responsibilities.

What can you do about taking a sick day off?

When you need a sick day, Hola Health telehealth services offers a seamless way to manage your health and meet workplace requirements. Here’s how Hola Health can help: 

1. Online doctor consult: Hola Telehealth service enables individuals to engage with licensed healthcare professionals from the convenience of their residences. In cases of fever, influenza, or other health concerns, a prompt virtual consultation offers professional guidance and treatment recommendations.
2. Online prescriptions with delivery: Should medication be necessary, may be issued during the doctors consultation. Patients may opt to have their medication delivered directly to their homes or collect it from a local pharmacy, conserving time and minimising effort.
3. Same-day medical certificates: For employment-related needs, Hola Health provides same-day medical certificates that confirm the necessity for sick leave. These certificates are promptly issued and customised to the particular circumstances of the patient, ensuring adherence to workplace regulations.
4. Multi-day medical certificates: Request multi--day medical certificates that confirm the necessity for sick leave. 
5. Referrals for specialised care: In instances that require more in-depth evaluation, Hola Health facilitates referrals for diagnostic examinations or consultations with specialists, such as gastroenterologists or ear, nose, and throat (ENT) specialists, to ensure comprehensive care.
6. After-hours doctors: Hola Health maintains availability beyond standard hours, providing access to medical care and essential documentation during evenings and weekends.

To conclude, sick leave is an essential workplace benefit that enhances employees’ well-being and productivity. Common reasons for taking a sick leave include colds, mental health concerns, injuries, and long-term conditions. While taking a sick leave should be supported to facilitate healing and prevent further health problems, both employers and employees need to ensure that sick leave policies are transparent and fair, fostering a healthy work environment.