Health Info > Allergies Published on : October 1, 2024

What can be mistaken for allergic conjunctivitis?

Name: Hola Health
Address: Australia
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Medically Reviewed by Dr Nelson Lau, MBBS FRACGP, GP & Digital Health Specialist

Allergic conjunctivitis is a prevalent eye ailment triggered by allergies, typically due to environmental allergens such as pet dander, pollen, or dust mites. However, several other eye conditions can mimic allergic conjunctivitis, making precise diagnosis crucial for successful treatment. Incorrect diagnosis not only delays proper treatment but may also potentially lead to complications, including persistent discomfort, corneal damage, or vision impairment. Let’s explore conditions that can be mistaken for allergic conjunctivitis.

Types of allergic conjunctivitis

Allergic conjunctivitis can be categorised into several types including:

1. Seasonal allergic conjunctivitis (SAC):

This is the most prevalent eye allergy triggered by outdoor allergens such as pollen from trees, grasses or weeds. It occurs when allergens are more active during seasons.

2. Perennial allergic conjunctivitis (PAC):

This resembles seasonal eye allergies, but symptoms are present throughout the year. They are caused by indoor allergens such as dust mites, mold, or pet dander.

3. Vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC):

This is a more severe form of allergic conjunctivitis that manifests as firm, swollen bumps on the upper eyelid due to intense allergic reactions. It is more common in the spring and summer months. VKC can lead to serious complications like corneal ulcers and scarring if not treated promptly.

4. Atopic keratoconjunctivitis (AKC):

This is a chronic form of allergic conjunctivitis commonly associated with atopic dermatitis. While vernal keratoconjunctivitis impacts the upper eyelid, AKC is an allergic response that usually targets the lower eyelid. It can also cause corneal damage and permanent vision impairment if not properly treated.

5. Giant papillary conjunctivitis (GPC):

This is an allergic condition marked by the formation of larger, raised nodules on the inner surface of the upper eyelid. GPC is usually associated with contact lens use or ocular irritation. Prolonged irritation can damage the cornea and affect vision if not addressed.

Also read: Common seasonal allergy symptoms & the best ways to deal with it?

Allergic conjunctivitis symptoms

Symptoms of allergic conjunctivitis include:

Redness of eyes
Severe or persistent itching
Watery discharge
Swelling
Mild pain
Burning sensation
Sensitivity to light
Urge to rub or scratch the eyes

Differentiating allergy and dry eye symptoms

Differentiating between allergy symptoms and dry eye symptoms can be important for effective treatment. Here’s how to distinguish them:

Allergic Symptoms

Itching: Allergic conjunctivitis usually causes severe itching in the eyes.
Redness: The eyes may seem red and irritated.
Watery discharge: Allergies can cause a thin, watery discharge.
Swelling: There may be swelling of the eyelids and conjunctiva.
Seasonal patterns: Symptoms are commonly associated with various seasons or environmental triggers such as pollen or pet dander.
Other symptoms: Other allergic symptoms include sneezing, nasal congestion, and itchy throat.

Dry eyes symptoms

Dryness: Dry eyes feel dry, gritty, or itchy.
Burning sensation: Burning and stinging sensations are prevalent.
Thick mucous: Discharge may be stringier, particularly in the morning.
Redness: The eyes may appear red due to irritation, but not with acute itching associated with allergies.
Worsens with screen time: Symptoms frequently worsen after extended screen use or in dry conditions.
No seasonal patterns: Symptoms are less likely to be associated with certain seasons or allergies.

How can an online doctor help via telehealth?

Online doctors can provide several services through telehealth:

Online doctor: You can connect with a doctor via video or phone call to discuss your symptoms, obtain a diagnosis, and receive treatment suggestions from the comfort of your home.
Expert referrals: If required, an online doctor might refer you to an ophthalmologist or another expert for additional evaluation and treatment.
Medication delivery: Prescription and over-the-counter medications can be obtained online and delivered to your house.
Prescriptions online: Your doctor can write and electronically email prescriptions delivered straight to your inbox.
Medical certificates online: Obtain sick notes or medical certifications for employment and other purposes via online consultations.
After-hours care: Get medical advice outside of regular office hours for urgent or non-emergency issues, offering more flexibility for managing your health.

Properly diagnosing ocular conditions with symptoms resembling allergic conjunctivitis is essential for effective care. Inaccurate diagnosis can lead to incorrect treatment, deterioration of symptoms, or failure to address more severe underlying problems. Hence, a meticulous clinical evaluation, with a complete history and examination, is vital for distinguishing these conditions and ensuring optimal care for the patient. However, conditions like keratitis or other serious eye issues may require a physical examination by an opthalmologist to accurately diagnose and treat the condition.

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