Chronic cough: GP-approved management tips

Overview

A chronic cough is defined as one that continues for eight weeks or more. It is prevalent in Australia and is frequently associated with conditions like asthma, gastroesophageal reflux, or allergies. While it can be quite bothersome, most underlying causes can be effectively managed with appropriate treatment.

What is a chronic cough?

A chronic cough persists for over eight weeks and differs from temporary coughs that result from viral infections. Unlike acute or subacute coughs, it typically indicates an underlying issue that requires evaluation.

Types of coughs

Coughs are generally classified based on their duration and underlying causes, as outlined below:

Causes of a chronic cough

A chronic cough is usually linked to one or more underlying conditions, including:

• Asthma – inflammation of the airways that leads to coughing, wheezing, or sensations of tightness.
• Post-nasal drip – mucus flowing down the throat, leading to irritation.
• Gastro-oesophageal reflux (GORD) – irritation of the throat from stomach acid, particularly at nighttime.
• Smoking or vaping – irritants that can result in ongoing coughing.
• Chronic lung diseases (such as COPD) – more frequently seen in individuals who smoke long-term.
• Environmental irritants – bushfire smoke, dust, mould, and air pollution.
• Medications – ACE inhibitors (commonly prescribed for hypertension) can trigger a dry cough.
• Post-infection cough – often occurs after infections such as COVID-19, the flu, or other respiratory viruses.

When a chronic cough needs urgent care

You should obtain immediate medical attention if you experience:

• Coughing up blood
• Unexplained weight loss
• Fever or excessive night sweating
• Chest discomfort
• Difficulty breathing
• A consistently hoarse voice
• A history of smoking coupled with an increasing cough

GP-approved management tips

Handling triggers at home

Simple lifestyle adjustments can help reduce cough triggers at home:

• Stay away from smoke, dust, and intense fragrances
• Utilise a humidifier if the atmosphere is dry
• Maintain good hydration
• Honey to alleviate throat irritation (not suitable for children under one year)

Addressing issues based on the underlying cause

Management strategies may vary depending on the cause of your chronic cough:

• Asthma: Adhere to your asthma action plan and check the usage of your inhaler
• Allergies/post-nasal drip: Consider antihistamines, saline rinses, and nasal sprays
• Reflux: Eat earlier, avoid spicy or acidic foods, and raise the head of your bed
• Dry cough: Consume warm liquids, use lozenges, and maintain humidity levels
• Smoker’s cough: Look for support for quitting smoking (such as Quitline)

Over-the-counter solutions

Some over-the-counter options may provide short-term relief. Always seek advice before starting new treatments.

• Cough suppressants (only for short-term use)
• Saline nasal sprays
• Antacids (if related to reflux)

Consult with a pharmacist or online GP before initiating any new treatment.

When a GP might recommend medication

In some cases, a GP may recommend prescription treatment options such as:

• Asthma inhalers
• Nasal corticosteroids
• Proton pump inhibitors (for reflux)
• Antibiotics (only if a bacterial infection is suspected)
• Changing ACE inhibitors if they are contributing to the cough

Chronic cough among children

A continuous cough in children should be evaluated by a GP, particularly if it persists beyond four weeks. Over-the-counter cough syrups are generally not recommended for children and may be unsafe.

How Hola Health can help

Hola Health provides convenient access to care for ongoing cough concerns through:

• Same-day telehealth consultations with Australian GPs
• Evaluation of chronic cough and related symptoms
• Prescriptions, inhalers, and referrals as necessary
• Medical certificates for educational or workplace purposes

Conclusion

A chronic cough can be uncomfortable, frustrating, and disruptive, but most causes are treatable once properly identified. Paying attention to triggers, managing underlying conditions, and seeking timely GP advice can make a significant difference. With the right care, long-lasting coughs usually improve and become much easier to manage.

FAQs

How long is considered too long for a cough?

A cough that endures longer than eight weeks is classified as chronic and should be examined.

Can a chronic cough indicate long COVID?

Yes, some individuals may experience a prolonged cough following a COVID infection.

How can I determine if my cough is related to asthma?

Coughing at night, wheezing, or shortness of breath frequently indicate asthma.

When should I be concerned about nighttime coughing?

If persistent nighttime coughing occurs or disrupts sleep, consult a GP.