Long Covid and fatigue: How long it lasts & how to recover

Feeling exhausted long after recovering from COVID-19? You’re not alone. Many people experience persistent fatigue weeks—or even months—after the initial infection. This lingering exhaustion, often called post-COVID fatigue or long COVID fatigue, can disrupt daily life, making even simple tasks feel overwhelming But what causes this fatigue? How long does it last? And more importantly, what can you do to recover? Let’s look deeper and explore ways to manage and overcome long COVID fatigue

What causes this fatigue (and other symptoms)?

Long COVID, also known as post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC), is a complex condition that affects people differently. While researchers are still unravelling its causes, some key factors contributing to long COVID fatigue include:

• Immune system overdrive – Your body may still be in a prolonged inflammatory state, even after the virus is gone.
• Mitochondrial dysfunction – The energy-producing structures in your cells may not be working efficiently.
• Autonomic nervous system disruption – This can lead to symptoms like dizziness, heart palpitations, and extreme tiredness.
• Viral persistence – Some scientists speculate that fragments of the virus may linger in the body, keeping the immune system on high alert.
• Sleep disturbances – Many people with long COVID report poor sleep quality, making fatigue even worse.

And it’s not just fatigue—other symptoms often come along for the ride, such as brain fog, muscle weakness, headaches, and shortness of breath.

Also read: What are the most common lingering COVID symptoms?

What does post-COVID fatigue feel like?

Imagine waking up feeling as if you’ve run a marathon—without ever leaving your bed. Simple activities, like taking a shower or walking up a flight of stairs, can feel like monumental efforts. Some people describe it as a crushing, bone-deep exhaustion that rest doesn’t seem to fix. This isn’t just “feeling tired.” It’s an all-consuming fatigue that affects physical and mental function, often fluctuating unpredictably.

Symptoms of long COVID fatigue

Fatigue is the most common symptom, but it rarely comes alone. Other symptoms can include:

• Brain fog (difficulty concentrating, forgetfulness)
• Unrefreshing sleep (waking up tired even after a full night’s rest)
• Muscle and joint pain
• Headaches
• Dizziness or heart palpitations
• Shortness of breath
• Worsening of symptoms after exertion (post-exertional malaise, or PEM)

If you’re experiencing PEM, you may feel fine during an activity but crash afterward, sometimes for days. This is a key feature of long COVID fatigue

Is this like Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS)?

Yes, there are striking similarities between long COVID and myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS). Both conditions involve severe fatigue, brain fog, and post-exertional malaise. Some experts believe long COVID may actually be triggering ME/CFS in some individuals. While research is ongoing, the overlap means that treatment approaches used for ME/CFS (such as pacing and symptom management) may help people with long COVID fatigue.

Is long COVID fatigue serious?

For many people, long COVID fatigue is more than just an inconvenience—it’s life-altering. Some struggle to work, care for their families, or even get through basic daily tasks. In severe cases, it can be disabling. If your fatigue is persistent and significantly impacting your life, it’s important to seek medical support.

How long can fatigue last after COVID?

There’s no single answer. For some, fatigue improves within weeks, while others experience it for months—or even years. Studies suggest that:

• About 30% of people still experience fatigue three months after a COVID infection.
• A smaller percentage report symptoms lasting a year or longer.

Recovery varies based on factors like overall health, severity of the initial infection, and pre-existing conditions.

What is the treatment for long COVID fatigue?

There’s no magic pill for long COVID fatigue, but a combination of strategies can help:

1. Pacing and energy management

Avoid pushing through exhaustion. Instead, follow the “energy envelope” approach:

• Balance activity with rest.
• Prioritise essential tasks.
• Stop before reaching exhaustion.

Think of your energy like a smartphone battery—don’t let it drain completely before recharging.

2. Improve sleep quality

• Stick to a consistent sleep schedule.
• Reduce screen time before bed.
• Consider relaxation techniques, such as meditation.

3. Nutrition and hydration

• Stay hydrated and eat a balanced diet rich in anti-inflammatory foods (fruits, vegetables, omega-3s).
• Avoid excessive caffeine and sugar, which can cause energy crashes.

4. Gentle movement

• While intense exercise can worsen symptoms, light stretching or short walks may help circulation and muscle strength.
• Listen to your body—if an activity worsens symptoms, scale back.

5. Address underlying issues

• Some people with long COVID develop POTS (postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome), which can contribute to fatigue. A doctor may recommend treatments like increased salt intake, compression garments, or medication.
• Mental health support (therapy, mindfulness techniques) can help manage stress and frustration.

Also read: Long COVID and muscle pain: A complete guide

What if I am not improving?

If your fatigue persists despite self-care, consult a doctor. They may:

• Check for other conditions (such as anaemia or thyroid disorders).
• Recommend physical therapy or rehabilitation programs.
• Explore experimental treatments or clinical trials.

How can telehealth help?

Virtual healthcare can be a game-changer for those with long COVID, as traveling to appointments can be exhausting. Telehealth can provide:

• Access to long COVID specialists without leaving home.
• Virtual physical therapy and rehabilitation guidance.
• Mental health support via online therapy.
• Personalised fatigue management strategies.

If in-person visits feel overwhelming, telehealth can be a convenient way to get care without worsening symptoms.

How telehealth supports long COVID fatigue management

1. Telehealth appointments: Speak to qualified doctors and healthcare practitioners without visiting a clinic anytime, 24/7, without long wait times.
2. Instant Prescriptions (eScripts): If treatment is required, online doctors can provide instant scripts for medications or supplements. Online prescriptions are sent via SMS and can be filled at your local pharmacy or delivered to your home through online pharmacy delivery.
3. Medical certificates: If Long COVID fatigue affects your ability to work, request a medical certificate online to justify sick leave. Obtain same-day medical certificates and multi-day medical certificates without visiting a clinic within 15 minutes.
4. Online referrals: Get GP referrals for blood tests, pathology, or radiology to assess underlying conditions related to fatigue. Access referrals for specialists, if further evaluation is needed.
5. Mental Health Care Plans: Long COVID fatigue can impact mental well-being, leading to anxiety, depression, or stress. Telehealth services provide bulk-billed mental health care plans for psychology and counselling support.

Final thoughts: Be kind to yourself

Recovering from long COVID fatigue is a marathon, not a sprint. Listen to your body, pace yourself, and don’t hesitate to seek medical support. While there’s no one-size-fits-all solution, many people do see gradual improvements over time. The key? Patience and self-care. You’re not alone in this, and there is hope for recovery.