What can be mistaken for gastro?

Summary: Gastroenteritis, or "gastro," is a common condition causing stomach inflammation, nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, and cramps. While often caused by viral or bacterial infections, its symptoms can be mistaken for food poisoning, IBS, GORD, peptic ulcers, IBD, or coeliac disease. Diagnosis is usually based on symptoms, with tests needed for severe or prolonged cases. Treatment focuses on hydration, rest, and a bland diet, with medications or antibiotics used when necessary. Seeking medical advice is crucial if symptoms persist, worsen, or severe dehydration, high fever, or blood in stool occurs, especially for vulnerable individuals.

Gastroenteritis or “gastro” is an inflammation of the stomach and intestines that many of us have experienced at some point. According to available data, an estimated 17.2 million cases of gastroenteritis occur in Australia each year. It’s that unpleasant combination of stomach cramps, nausea, diarrhoea, and vomiting that can leave you feeling awful. But here’s the catch: many other conditions can trigger similar symptoms, leading to confusion or even incorrect diagnoses. So, if you are holding your stomach and wondering whether it’s a simple stomach bug or something else, you are not the only one! Let’s explore what can be confused with gastro and how to distinguish them. 

What gets mistaken for gastroenteritis?

Gastroenteritis is an inflammation of the stomach and intestines, typically caused by viral or bacterial infections. It usually manifests with symptoms like vomiting, abdominal discomfort, diarrhoea, and nausea. Although gastroenteritis is a prevalent condition, its symptoms overlap with other health problems, leading to potential misdiagnosis or confusion with other gastrointestinal disorders. Recognising what conditions could be mistaken for gastroenteritis can help in seeking the right medical evaluation and treatment. 

Food poisoning:

Food poisoning and gastroenteritis have similar symptoms and generally arise shortly after ingesting contaminated food. However, food poisoning is usually more abrupt and intense, with symptoms emerging just hours after eating, although with some bacterial toxins (e.g., Salmonella) it can take up to 6-72 hours. 

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS):

The abdominal discomfort and irregular bowel movements in IBS can resemble the symptoms of gastroenteritis, causing confusion. IBS is a chronic condition that causes recurring digestive symptoms, whereas gastroenteritis is usually an acute illness that resolves within a few days. 

Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD):

GORD and gastroenteritis cause nausea and abdominal discomfort, but GORD is linked to acid reflux and often includes heartburn, a symptom not seen in gastroenteritis. GORD symptoms are generally long-lasting, whereas gastroenteritis is usually short-term and resolves in a few days. GORD also does not typically cause diarrhoea or vomiting, which are common in gastroenteritis.  

Peptic ulcers:

The stomach pain and nausea associated with peptic ulcers can mimic gastroenteritis. However, ulcers cause more localised pain, usually described as a burning sensation and may be aggravated by specific foods or medications. 

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD):

The symptoms of IBD, especially diarrhoea and stomach discomfort, can resemble gastroenteritis. Yet, IBD is a chronic condition with recurring flare-ups, while gastroenteritis is self-limiting, and infection induced.  

Coeliac disease:

Coeliac disease shares gastrointestinal symptoms like bloating and diarrhoea with gastroenteritis. Coeliac disease is a chronic autoimmune disorder in which the ingestion of gluten triggers an immune response that damages the small intestine. Unlike gastroenteritis, which is usually caused by an infection, coeliac disease is a lifelong condition requiring strict dietary management.  

Diagnosis

To diagnose gastroenteritis, a healthcare provider usually starts by evaluating your symptoms and reviewing your medical history. This review includes asking about your recent meals, travel history, and potential exposure to contaminated food or water. A physical examination will check for signs such as dehydration, abdominal pain, or fever.  In most cases, gastroenteritis is diagnoses clinically, based on symptoms and testing is only usually needed for prolonged, severe or unusual cases:  

1. Stool tests: A stool sample may be obtained to detect the presence of bacteria, viruses, or parasites that might be responsible for the illness.
2. Blood tests: Blood analysis can reveal dehydration, infection, or any underlying issues contributing to the condition.
3. Imaging tests: In uncommon situations, imaging studies (like an abdominal ultrasound or CT scan) may be required if there is a concern about complications such as an intestinal blockage or other disorders presenting similar symptoms.
4. Endoscopy: This is not generally required for gastroenteritis but for chronic or serious cases , an endoscopy may be performed to examine the digestive tract for any damage or inflammation visually.

Also read: Common Gastro Symptoms: What To Do & When To See A Doctor?

Treatment

Gastroenteritis treatment mainly focuses on hydration and symptom management. Here are some effective ways to treat gastroenteritis:  

1. Hydration: Consuming fluids such as water, clear soups, or oral rehydration solutions is important to compensate for lost fluids. Dehydration can aggravate symptoms, so maintaining hydration is vital. 
2. Rest: Sufficient rest is necessary for the body to recuperate from gastroenteritis. Steering clear of strenuous activities allows energy to be preserved for healing. 
3. Diet: Once the nausea lessens, gradually reintroduce bland items like rice, toast, or applesauce. Avoid spicy, greasy, or heavy foods until your digestive system is back to normal. 
4. Medications: Antiemetic medications can assist in managing nausea and vomiting, enabling you to maintain fluid intake. Antidiarrheals may be useful for diarrhoea management cautiously in mild cases, but should be avoided in suspected bacterial infections with high fever or bloody diarrhoea. Typically, these are not required for viral gastroenteritis, which often resolves naturally. 
5. Probiotics: Probiotics may aid in restoring healthy gut bacteria, particularly after a viral infection or antibiotic usage. This can potentially enhance recovery and lower the chances of future digestive problems. 

Also read: What to eat after gastro: GP approved tips 

When to consult a doctor?

If your gastroenteritis symptoms continue for several days or worsen, or you notice severe signs of dehydration such as dizziness, a dry mouth, or dark urine, consult a healthcare professional. Get medical assistance if you experience a high fever, notice blood in your vomit or stool, or suffer from severe abdominal pain. Those with compromised immune systems, older adults, or individuals with pre-existing health issues (such as young children, pregnant women, and immunocompromised individuals) should seek medical advice promptly. Early medical intervention can help avert complications and ensure appropriate treatment. 

Online treatment options in Australia

Online treatment alternatives for gastroenteritis can assist with managing symptoms, particularly in mild instances. By using telehealth services, you can connect with a doctor who will evaluate your situation, provide recommendations for hydration, suggest over-the-counter remedies for nausea or diarrhoea, and offer advice on dietary changes. If you have worries about bacterial infections, an online doctor can prescribe antibiotics or organise additional testing. They can also keep track of your recovery, modifying treatment as necessary. Furthermore, telehealth consultations are an excellent way to receive medical advice if you cannot visit a healthcare facility or require a follow-up. However, urgent cases may necessitate immediate in-person treatment. Online GP chat available 24/7 mostly offers rapid access to medical guidance, sick leave certificate or telehealth medical certificate, making it a practical choice for addressing gastroenteritis without requiring an in-person appointment. 

Hola Health offers a fast and convenient way to access healthcare with doctors on demand anytime, anywhere in Australia. Whether you need a night doctor or a quick consult during the day, Hola Health connects you with AHPRA-registered Australian GPs within 15 minutes: 

• Online doctor appointment: Speak to an Australian GP or an after-hours GP for immediate advice and treatment options via telehealth Australia. 
• Multi-Day and same day medical certificate online: Request medical certificates for single or multiple days, perfect for work, school, or carer responsibilities. 
• Prescriptions online: Receive eScripts for medications sent directly to your local pharmacy or delivered to your door. 
• Online referrals: Get specialist referrals or referrals for pathology or radiology without the hassle of waiting for a clinic appointment. 

With Hola Health’s web doctor service, you can book telehealth appointments 24/7, ensuring quick and reliable care when it’s needed most by home doctors. Trusted by thousands of Australians, Hola Health makes healthcare accessible and stress-free via 24-hour doctors. 

Given the numerous conditions that can mimic gastric issues, it's important to focus on the details to obtain an accurate diagnosis. Whether it’s food poisoning, IBS, or something else, knowing the root cause of your symptoms ensures you get the right treatment. If in doubt, always seek advice from a healthcare professional to get back on track and recover soon!