What is Glandular Fever?

Commonly known as the "kissing disease," this illness is infamous among teenagers and young adults for its mode of transmission. This comprehensive exploration will explain glandular fever, examining its symptoms, causes, treatment options, and frequently asked questions, equipping you with knowledge regarding this viral infection.

What is glandular fever?

Glandular fever known scientifically as infectious mononucleosis, is primarily triggered by the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). This virus targets the white blood cells important to your immune system's defences. This disease is a prevalent reason behind prolonged absences from academic or professional engagements among young individuals, due to its debilitating symptoms and the recovery time it demands.

Symptoms of glandular fever

The main symptoms include intense fatigue, high fever, a markedly sore throat, and notably swollen lymph nodes in the neck. However, the cast may expand to include a swollen spleen, liver inflammation, or a distinctive rash. These symptoms typically take about four to six weeks to appear post-infection, a delay that often results in initial unawareness of the disease. This slow reveal can complicate early diagnosis and timely treatment, prolonging discomfort and recovery.

Causes of glandular fever

The Epstein-Barr virus spreads chiefly through saliva, earning glandular fever its moniker linked to kissing. Yet, it can also traverse via shared utensils, beverages, and personal items like toothbrushes—essentially, any conduit for saliva transfer. 

When to consult a doctor?

If you experience persistent symptoms like a severe sore throat and unusual fatigue lasting more than a week, it's advisable to consult a online GP provider. Immediate medical attention is crucial if you encounter intense abdominal pain or significant neck swelling, which could signify spleen complications, a condition requiring prompt medical intervention.

How Hola Health may be able to help

Hola Health is an Australian telehealth platform that connects you with registered doctors and nurse practitioners - from the comfort of your home, at a time that suits you. Depending on your situation, a Hola Health clinician may be able to help with:

• 24/7 General medical advice via telehealth doctor consult - talk through symptoms or health concerns with a registered doctor or medical practitioner.
• Medical certificate online - for work or personal leave, when clinically appropriate
• Referrals to specialists - or in-person services when needed
• Online prescriptions - at a clinician's discretion and where clinically suitable.
• Pathology or imaging requests - when assessed as appropriate by your treating clinician.
• Mental health Care Plan - Mental Health Treatment Plans (referral to your regular GP may be recommended for ongoing care).

Hola Health clinicians are AHPRA-registered Doctors and medical practitioners in Australia. They will always recommend an in-person consultation, specialist referral, or emergency care if that is in your best interest. Note: Telehealth is not suitable for all conditions. Hola Health does not replace your regular GP, specialist, or emergency services. If you are unsure whether telehealth is right for your situation, we recommend speaking with your usual healthcare provider. In emergencies, call 000.

Frequently Asked Questions

Can glandular fever be prevented?

While completely preventing glandular fever might not be feasible, practising good hygiene can reduce your risk. This includes not sharing eating utensils, drink containers, or personal items that come into contact with saliva. Regular hand washing and avoiding close contact with people who are ill can also help keep this virus at bay.

How is glandular fever diagnosed?

Healthcare providers typically review clinical symptoms and medical history, followed by specific blood tests, to diagnose glandular fever. These tests look for antibodies against the EBV or an increased number of white blood cells, which commonly arise during infection. Sometimes, further testing is required to rule out other illnesses with similar symptoms, such as strep throat.

What happens to your body when you have glandular fever?

Upon infection with EBV, the virus infiltrates white blood cells, multiplying within them and hindering your immune response. In defence, your body enlarges lymph nodes and the spleen to ramp up the production of immune cells, which fights off the infection but also causes swelling and fatigue. This internal battle, while necessary, is the primary reason behind the prolonged symptoms of glandular fever.

Does glandular fever ever go away?

Yes, the acute symptoms of glandular fever generally resolve within two to four weeks except for fatigue which lasts longer. Once you've contracted EBV, it remains dormant in your body indefinitely, typically without causing further symptoms. However, a healthy immune system usually keeps the virus in check, preventing reactivation, unless there are major triggers such as stress, a compromised immune system, or significant hormonal changes.

Is strep throat the same as glandular fever?

No, strep throat and glandular fever are caused by different pathogens. Strep throat is a bacterial infection requiring antibiotic treatment, whereas glandular fever is a viral infection and does not respond to antibiotics. Distinguishing between them is crucial as it influences treatment decisions.

Can stress cause glandular fever?

While stress alone doesn't cause glandular fever, it can weaken your immune defences, making you more susceptible to infections, including EBV. Managing stress through adequate rest is important in ensuring you have the best fighting chance against EBV.