Common pathology tests in every age

Overview

Pathology tests serve as a primary diagnostic tool doctors use to monitor body functions. These tests help identify diseases before patients experience any symptoms. The Australian healthcare system places strong emphasis on disease prevention through regular testing, such as monitoring cholesterol and blood sugar levels to help prevent chronic diseases from developing later in life.

Pathology Tests for Each Age Group

Here is a breakdown of what to look out for at different stages of life.

Children (0–12 years)

Iron studies: Rapid growth in children requires adequate iron levels. Low iron can cause fatigue and reduced concentration. Doctors may order iron studies if a child appears pale or shows signs of tiredness.

Allergy testing: Food allergies affect many Australian children. Blood tests (RAST) help identify foods that may trigger allergic reactions when symptoms appear.

Coeliac screen: Doctors may screen for coeliac disease in children with ongoing abdominal symptoms or poor growth.

Teenagers (13–18 years)

Iron studies: The onset of menstruation makes iron testing particularly important for teenage girls. Iron deficiency is a common cause of fatigue in this age group.

Sexual health screening: Confidential STI testing via urine or blood samples is recommended for sexually active teenagers. These tests help protect overall health, reproductive wellbeing, and future fertility.

Glandular fever serology: This test helps diagnose glandular fever in teenagers experiencing prolonged fatigue, sore throat, and swollen glands.

Adults (19–39 years)

Cervical screening test: Women aged 25–74 should have this test every five years. It screens for HPV to help prevent cervical cancer.

Lipid profile (cholesterol): Many people have their first cholesterol test in their 30s to establish baseline levels. Those with a family history of heart disease should consult an online GP about earlier testing.

Antenatal screenings: Women planning pregnancy may need routine tests, including rubella immunity, blood group checks, and genetic carrier screening.

Middle age (40–59 years)

HbA1c (diabetes check): The risk of type 2 diabetes increases with age. An HbA1c test measures average blood sugar levels over the previous three months.

Lipid profile & heart health: Cholesterol monitoring during this stage helps predict the risk of heart attack or stroke over the next five to ten years.

Bowel cancer screening: The Australian Government provides free bowel screening kits to people aged 50 and over. These tests detect tiny amounts of blood in stool, which can be an early sign of bowel cancer.

Seniors (60+ years)

Kidney function (EUC): Kidney function naturally declines with age. This blood test checks how well your kidneys are working and how your body handles medications and waste products.

Vitamin D & calcium: These nutrients are essential for bone health. Testing helps prevent osteoporosis and fractures, particularly when outdoor activity decreases.

Full blood count (FBE): This test provides an overview of immune health and helps detect anaemia or infection.

Pathology Tests by Age Group

Here is a quick reference guide to the key tests recommended for Australians.

Symptoms

People should seek medical help as soon as possible if they experience any of the following symptoms:

• Unexplained weight loss, which may indicate an underlying medical condition.
• Persistent fatigue that is not related to poor sleep.
• New or unusual lumps or bumps anywhere on the body.
• Ongoing changes in bowel habits or the presence of blood in the stool.

Anyone experiencing these symptoms should consult a doctor promptly.

How often should Australians have pathology tests?

Most healthy adults benefit from annual blood tests as part of a general health check.

People with chronic conditions such as diabetes or high blood pressure may need monitoring every three to six months, as advised by their GP.

Note: Australians aged 45 years and over may be eligible for Medicare’s Heart Health Check program.

How Hola Health Can Help

Life is busy, and waiting in a clinic just to obtain a referral can be inconvenient. Hola Health simplifies the process by allowing you to request a pathology referral online via telehealth.

• Speak to a doctor from home, 24/7.
• Receive your pathology request form by email.
• Visit any pathology collection centre with your form.
• Have results sent directly back to the Hola Health doctor for review.

FAQs

Do I always need to fast for blood tests?

Not always. Many modern blood tests do not require fasting, although cholesterol and glucose tests may still need it. Always follow the instructions on your referral form.

Are pathology tests covered by Medicare?

Most common pathology tests ordered by a doctor are bulk-billed, meaning Medicare covers the cost. Some specialised tests may involve a gap fee.

How long do results take?

Most routine blood test results are available within 24 to 48 hours. More complex tests may take longer.