What can an abdominal X-ray diagnose?

Summary: An abdominal X-ray is a quick, non-invasive imaging test used to detect issues like bowel obstructions, kidney stones, and swallowed objects. It involves low radiation and helps diagnose abdominal pain, bloating, or unexplained symptoms. Though generally safe, it may require precautions for pregnant women. Alternatives like ultrasound or CT scans may be recommended based on your condition.

An abdominal X-ray is a quick and non-invasive imaging test that helps doctors assess the organs, bones, and soft tissues within your abdomen. It is primarily used to diagnose:

• Bowel obstructions – Blockages in the intestines that can cause pain, bloating, and vomiting.
• Kidney stones – Hard mineral deposits in the kidneys that may cause severe pain.
• Gallstones – Hardened deposits in the gallbladder, though these are sometimes better detected with ultrasound.
• Perforations – Holes in the stomach or intestines, which can lead to free air in the abdomen (a serious condition).
• Swallowed objects – Common in children who ingest foreign objects like coins or small toys.
• Abnormal masses or tumours – While an X-ray alone may not confirm a tumour, it can indicate abnormal growths that require further testing.

What is an abdominal X-ray?

An abdominal X-ray is a simple imaging test that uses a small amount of radiation to capture a picture of the structures inside your abdomen, including the stomach, intestines, kidneys, liver, and spleen. The images help doctors detect abnormalities that might be causing pain, discomfort, or other symptoms.

Why might I need an abdominal X-ray?

Your doctor may order an abdominal X-ray if you have symptoms such as:

• Severe or persistent abdominal pain
• Nausea and vomiting
• Unexplained bloating or swelling
• Blood in your stool or urine
• Difficulty passing stool or gas
• Suspected ingestion of a foreign object

The test provides a quick way to identify serious conditions that might require urgent treatment.

What are the risks of an abdominal X-ray?

Abdominal X-rays are generally safe, but they do involve a small dose of radiation. Risks include:

• Radiation exposure – The amount is low, but frequent exposure over time could increase the risk of cancer.
• Pregnancy concerns – Radiation can be harmful to a developing baby, so pregnant women should inform their doctor before undergoing the test.
• Allergic reactions – If contrast dye is used (rare for a basic X-ray), some people may experience allergic reactions.

For most patients, the benefits of getting an X-ray far outweigh the risks.

Are there alternatives to an abdominal X-ray?

While an abdominal X-ray is often the first choice for diagnosing various conditions, doctors sometimes use other imaging techniques for more specialised information:

Ultrasound:

Uses sound waves rather than radiation and is particularly helpful for examining the gallbladder, liver, and kidneys. It can detect gallstones more accurately than an X-ray.

CT (computed tomography) scan:

Provides a detailed cross-sectional view of abdominal structures, making it useful for pinpointing small tumours, identifying complex kidney stones, or investigating unexplained pain. However, it involves higher radiation exposure and can be more expensive.

MRI (magnetic resonance imaging):

Employs magnetic fields and radio waves, so there’s no radiation. It’s excellent for identifying soft tissue problems or subtle abnormalities in organs. Still, MRIs take longer, can be expensive, and may be less available in certain settings. Sometimes, a combination of these imaging methods is recommended to confirm a diagnosis or plan treatment. Your healthcare provider will decide which test is best based on your symptoms, medical history, and the level of detail needed. Understanding these alternatives ensures you have the right tool for the job and helps you feel more informed about your overall care.

How do I get ready for an abdominal X-ray?

Preparation for an abdominal X-ray is minimal. You may be asked to:

• Remove jewellery, belts, or metal objects that could interfere with the image.
• Wear a hospital gown to avoid clothing obstructing the scan.
• Avoid eating or drinking for a few hours if instructed by your doctor, especially if contrast dye will be used.
• Inform your doctor if you’re pregnant or have had recent imaging tests that involved contrast material.

What does the equipment look like?

An abdominal X-ray machine consists of:

• An X-ray table – You may lie down, stand, or sit on it depending on the view needed.
• A movable X-ray tube – This device emits radiation to capture images from different angles.
• A detector or film plate – Positioned under or behind you, it captures the image when the X-ray beam passes through your body.

How does the procedure work?

X-rays work by passing a controlled amount of radiation through your body. Dense structures like bones appear white, while softer tissues and organs appear in shades of grey. Air-filled spaces, like the intestines, appear darker. The doctor will analyse the images to identify any abnormalities, such as blockages, stones, or unusual growths.

What happens during an abdominal X-ray?

The procedure is quick and painless. Here’s what to expect:

1. Positioning – You may be asked to lie down, stand, or sit for different image angles.
2. Holding still – The technician will instruct you to remain still, and sometimes hold your breath, to avoid blurry images.
3. Image capture – The X-ray machine will send a small burst of radiation to create an image.
4. Completion – The process usually takes 5–10 minutes.

Also read: What can a chest X-ray diagnose? Everything you need to know

What happens after an abdominal X-ray?

• You can resume normal activities immediately unless told otherwise.
• The radiologist will review the images and send a report to your doctor.
• Your doctor will discuss the results with you and recommend further testing or treatment if necessary.

If urgent findings, such as a bowel obstruction, are detected, you may need immediate medical attention.

How can telehealth help with abdomen X-ray?

Telehealth can streamline the process of getting an abdominal X-ray by allowing you to consult a qualified online doctor from the comfort of your home. If needed, the doctor can provide an online referral for the X-ray and even issue an online prescription to manage symptoms like pain or nausea. This approach saves time, avoids unnecessary clinic visits, and offers faster access to care, especially helpful when you're feeling unwell. Telehealth is convenient, discreet, and ideal for quick medical support when dealing with abdominal concerns.

Do I need a referral?

Yes, in most cases, you need a doctor’s referral to get an abdominal X-ray. If you’re experiencing severe symptoms, visit a doctor or emergency room, where they may order an X-ray as part of your evaluation. Also read: Can I get an online radiology referral fast via telehealth? 

Final thoughts

An abdominal X-ray is a valuable tool for diagnosing various conditions affecting the digestive and urinary systems. While it’s a simple and low-risk procedure, always follow your doctor’s guidance on when and why you might need one. If you have any concerns, don’t hesitate to ask your healthcare provider for more details.