What is tested in a full blood count in Australia?

Overview

A Full Blood Count (FBC) is a common blood test that helps diagnose various health conditions, including anaemia, infections, and blood disorders. The test is simple, quick, and usually requires a referral from a online doctor in Australia.

Results are typically available within a couple of days, and the test is generally covered by Medicare. While safe, minor side effects like bruising or dizziness may occur. When your doctor orders a “Full Blood Count” for you, it is one of the most common blood tests Australians get, and for good reason.

Think of it as a peek under the hood of your health, giving doctors valuable clues about what’s going on inside. Whether your GP has suggested one for you, or you’re just curious about it, here we will look into what an FBC actually involves.

What Specific Tests Does a Full Blood Count in Australia Perform?

A Full Blood Count (FBC), also known as a Full Blood Examination (FBE), delivers a complete picture of your body's condition. The test functions as a blood cell status report which gives information on your current health.

The test stands as one of the most frequently requested pathology tests throughout Australia because it helps identify multiple health problems including deficiencies and infections.

Your GP will request an FBC test when you show any of the following symptoms:

• Your persistent fatigue requires medical evaluation to check for anaemia and low iron levels which are the primary causes of exhaustion.
• Your white blood cell count will change when your body shows signs of infection through fever or inflammation.
• The test serves as a standard part of annual medical check-ups to identify hidden health problems at their beginning stages.
• Surgeons require patients to undergo FBC testing before surgery to verify proper blood clotting and stable immune system function.

How Is a Full Blood Count Measured?

Your blood contains three essential components which form a complete recipe. The FBC test evaluates blood cell numbers and their quality to check whether there is a proper balance.

Red Blood Cells (RBCs)

These cells function as oxygen transporters throughout your body. They carry oxygen from your lungs to all parts of your body.

RBC Count shows the exact number of red blood cells present in your body. Your body must work harder to deliver oxygen when your red blood cell count is low.

Haemoglobin (Hb) functions as the protein which binds oxygen within the cell. The primary indicator of anaemia or “low iron” appears when haemoglobin levels become insufficient.

Haematocrit (Hct) shows the percentage of blood volume that red blood cells occupy. Elevated levels may suggest dehydration, while lower levels are linked to anaemia.

Note on Red Cell Indices (MCV/MCH): These values show the size and characteristics of red blood cells. Smaller cells often indicate iron deficiency, while larger cells may suggest vitamin B12 deficiency or excess alcohol intake.

White Blood Cells (WBCs)

White blood cells are essential for immune defence. Levels often rise when your body is fighting infection or inflammation.

Total WBC count shows the overall number of immune cells. High levels suggest infection, while low levels may indicate a weakened immune system.

Neutrophils are the main cells involved in fighting bacterial infections.

Lymphocytes specialise in fighting viral infections. Elevated levels are common in illnesses like the flu or glandular fever.

Eosinophils, Monocytes, and Basophils play roles in allergy response, parasite defence, and inflammation control.

Platelets are small blood fragments that help stop bleeding by forming clots.

Platelet count shows how many platelets are present. Low levels increase bruising risk, while high levels may be linked to inflammation.

MPV (Mean Platelet Volume) reflects the average size of platelets and helps doctors understand how well your body is producing them.

Conditions an FBC Test Can Detect

So, what’s the point of all these measurements? An FBC is surprisingly useful for identifying and monitoring a wide range of conditions, including:

• Anaemias: From iron deficiency to vitamin B12 deficiency and anaemia related to chronic disease.
• Infections: Bacterial, viral, and fungal infections can often be detected through white blood cell changes.
• Blood cancers: Conditions like leukaemia may present with abnormal blood cell counts.
• Immune system disorders: Irregular immune responses may be reflected in the results.
• Inflammatory conditions: Such as rheumatoid arthritis or lupus.
• Clotting problems: Abnormal platelet levels can indicate bleeding or clotting disorders.
• Dehydration: Elevated haematocrit levels can suggest reduced fluid levels.

An FBC is often just one piece of the diagnostic puzzle. Doctors usually review it alongside other tests and clinical findings to reach an accurate diagnosis.

Understand Your FBC Test Results

Interpreting your test results requires understanding reference range values, as slight deviations from normal ranges do not always indicate a medical problem.

A single blood test result cannot establish a diagnosis. For example, a mild increase in white blood cells may simply reflect a recent cold or minor infection.

Doctors assess your FBC results alongside your medical history and physical symptoms to reach an accurate diagnosis.

If your FBC results are abnormal, your doctor may request further tests such as Iron Studies, Vitamin B12 testing, and inflammation markers like ESR and CRP.

Duration of an FBC Test

The blood collection process for an FBC usually takes less than five minutes at most pathology centres.

Laboratory processing times in Australia are generally fast. In most cases, your doctor will receive the results within 24 to 48 hours, depending on the laboratory.

The Medicare Benefits Schedule (MBS) covers Full Blood Count tests when ordered by a doctor. Most major pathology providers bulk bill this test.

What to Expect Before, During, and After

• Beforehand: Usually no preparation is required. Unless your doctor advises otherwise (such as for additional fasting tests), you can eat and drink normally. Drinking water helps make vein access easier.
• During: You may feel a brief pinch when the needle is inserted. The procedure is quick and usually over within seconds.
• Afterwards: Mild bruising or tenderness at the needle site is common but fades quickly. You can resume normal activities straight away.

Tips for an Easy Blood Test Experience

To make the process smoother:

• Stay well hydrated to help veins stay visible.
• Wear clothing with sleeves that are easy to roll up.
• Eat a light meal beforehand unless fasting for other tests.
• Try to stay relaxed—slow, deep breaths can help reduce anxiety.

How Hola Health Can Help

Hola Health simplifies access to Full Blood Count testing by allowing patients to obtain referrals without needing to attend a physical clinic.

You can consult with an Australian-registered GP via video call from your home. If needed, the doctor can email your pathology request form directly to you.

You can also book an online telehealth consultation to review your test results once they become available.

Conclusion

A Full Blood Count is a fast and straightforward test that provides valuable insight into your overall health. It is a fundamental diagnostic tool in Australian healthcare and is often the first investigation ordered when symptoms arise or routine health checks are overdue.

FAQ

Is a full blood count bulk billed in Australia?

Yes. Most Australian pathology centres bulk bill Full Blood Count tests when you have a valid Medicare card and a GP referral.

Do I need to fast for an FBC?

No fasting is required for an FBC. You can eat and drink normally unless your doctor has ordered additional tests such as cholesterol or glucose. Always check your referral form.

How quickly will I get my results?

FBC results are usually processed within 24 hours. Your GP typically receives the results electronically the next business day. If results are abnormal, a follow-up consultation is recommended.

Where can you get an FBC in Australia?

You can have an FBC done at:

• Pathology collection centres
• Public and private hospitals
• Medical clinics with on-site pathology services
• Some GP clinics with in-house collection facilities

Are there any risks or side effects from having a blood test?

FBC tests are very safe. Minor side effects may include:

• Mild bruising or tenderness at the needle site
• Temporary dizziness or light-headedness
• Minor bleeding that stops quickly

If you notice ongoing bleeding, redness, swelling, or signs of infection, contact your doctor.