A whooping cough might sound like a throwback to childhood ailments, but it can also affect adults unexpectedly. This contagious respiratory bug, caused by the bacteria Bordetella pertussis doesn’t only target children–it can make adults cough and wheeze just as severely. There have been 21,336 notifications of pertussis to the National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System in 2024. Recognising the symptoms and understanding how they vary in adults can help you manage this tricky infection and monitor your health effectively.
What is whooping cough (pertussis)?
Whooping cough or pertussis is a highly infectious respiratory disease caused by the bacterium Bordetella pertussis. It is marked by intense coughing spells that can impair breathing, often producing a distinctive ‘whooping’ sound during inhalation after a cough. It is particularly severe in babies and young children, but it can also affect adults. Studies suggest that up to 1 in 20 adults with a cough that lasts for more than two or three weeks may have pertussis. It usually starts with cold-like symptoms such as a mild cough or a runny nose, which then develop into severe coughing episodes that can last for several weeks. Symptoms generally begin to appear 7 to 10 days (about 1 and a half weeks) after exposure to the infection. Complete recovery from whooping cough may take 2 to 3 months.What are the three stages of whooping cough in adults?
Whooping cough (pertussis) in adults typically progresses through three stages:- Catarrhal Stage: (1-2 weeks): This stage is like a typical cold, with minor symptoms consisting of a runny nose, sneezing, light cough, and low-grade fever. The cough gets worse over time. This is the most contagious stage of the disease.
- Paroxysmal Stage (1–6 weeks or more): The cough intensifies and occurs in powerful bouts (paroxysms). During these instances, the cough may be accompanied by a "whooping" sound as the individual lunges for air. Coughing bouts are commonly followed by vomiting and weariness. This period can be prolonged and exhausting.
- Convalescent Stage (2-3 weeks or more): Recovery starts as the number and severity of coughing episodes steadily decreases. However, coughing might last for weeks or even months. complications such as secondary infections can occur during this stage, especially in those with weakened immune systems.
What does a whooping cough sound like in adults?
Adults with whooping cough often have a series of severe, fast coughing fits, accompanied by a distinctive "whooping" sound when the individual inhales forcefully after coughing. The "whoop" happens as the individual strives to regain their breath after a protracted cough. The sound is high-pitched and unique, although not all adults with whooping cough create it. In certain situations, particularly in adults, the "whoop" may be less evident or absent, but the coughing fits remain strong and might cause fatigue, vomiting, or trouble breathing. The cough is typically dry and persistent, lasting several weeks or months.How do I know if I have a whooping cough?
Whooping cough, or pertussis, is a highly contagious respiratory infection that progresses through distinct stages, each with specific symptoms. Recognising these symptoms early is crucial for timely treatment and preventing the spread of the disease. Here's a more detailed explanation of the symptoms of whooping cough:Initial symptoms (catarrhal stage):
In the early stages of whooping cough, symptoms are similar to those of a regular cold. You may have a runny nose, moderate cough, sneezing, low-grade fever, and watery eyes. These early symptoms often persist between 1-2 weeks. During this period, the cough may appear light and unconcerned, but it steadily intensifies. This is also the most infectious stage of the virus, so avoid spreading it to others.Severe Cough Fits (Paroxysmal Stage):
As the illness advances, the cough increases and persists. You may begin to cough violently and repeatedly. These episodes may be very tiring and frequently leave you gasping for air. Following a series of coughs, some people may make a unique "whooping" sound when they sharply inhale, however, this sound is more prevalent in infants and may be less noticeable in adults. Coughing fits can sometimes be severe enough to produce vomiting or extreme exhaustion. Difficulty breathing during and after coughing bouts is frequent and can be very uncomfortable.Recovery (Convalescent Stage):
As you heal, the severity and frequency of your coughing spells will gradually diminish. However, the cough might last for weeks or even months, gradually becoming less acute. During this stage, you may still feel tired, and any secondary infections or problems that arose during the acute coughing phase may need to be treated. While the worst symptoms may have passed, you should continue to assess your health to ensure a complete recovery.How common is a whooping cough in adults?
Although it is less prevalent in adults compared to children, whooping cough can still occur. Adults can develop the illness and frequently have weaker symptoms or unusual presentations, making it more difficult to identify. Adults may experience a chronic cough for weeks or months without making the typical "whooping" sound. Individuals may also act as reservoirs for the virus, potentially transferring it to babies and children, who are more prone to serious consequences. Despite its lesser occurrence in adults, it is nevertheless vital for adults, particularly those in close contact with children, to be aware of the symptoms and seek medical assistance if necessary.What happens if a whooping cough goes untreated in adults?
If whooping cough goes untreated in adults, it can lead to a lengthy and intense illness characterised by a persistent cough that can last for weeks or even months. While it is usually less dangerous for adults than for children, untreated whooping cough can still lead to complications such as rib fractures from severe coughing, pneumonia, or secondary bacterial infections. Moreover, adults may spread the infection to vulnerable populations, including infants, who are at increased risk of severe complications. Persistent coughing can significantly disrupt daily life, highlighting the importance of antibiotics ti mitigate the severity, duration, and spread of the infection.How do adults get rid of whooping cough?
Adults can manage and recover from whooping cough through a combination of medical treatment and supportive care:- Antibiotics: If discovered early, a doctor may give antibiotics such as azithromycin, clarithromycin, or erythromycin. These drugs are most effective when used early in the course of the illness. They aid in reducing the intensity of symptoms, minimising the length of the illness, and preventing it from spreading to others. Completing an entire course of antibiotics is critical for successful therapy.
- Symptom management: While medicines treat bacterial illness, controlling symptoms is critical for comfort and recovery. Your healthcare professional may offer cough suppressants or additional medications to relieve severe coughing spells. Staying hydrated is also crucial since it thins the mucus and makes coughing easier. Adequate rest strengthens the immune system and speeds up healing, so get enough sleep and avoid overexertion.
- Preventing irritations: Irritants such as smoking, dust, and strong odours can aggravate coughing and exacerbate symptoms. To keep your cough from worsening, avoid these causes. Maintaining a clean and dust-free environment will help decrease coughing fits and heal your respiratory system.
- Follow-up care: Regular follow-up with your healthcare practitioner is essential for monitoring your development and addressing any issues that may emerge. If your symptoms continue or get worse, opt for additional medical attention. Keeping your physician updated about your condition ensures that you receive proper care and that your treatment plan is adjusted as needed.
- Preventing spread: Minimise interactions with others when infectious to avoid transmitting whooping cough, particularly to unvaccinated individuals or those at higher risk. Good hygiene habits, like frequent hand washing and covering your mouth when coughing, can help lower the chance of transmission.
When to call the doctor?
Consult a doctor if you have severe or chronic whooping cough symptoms, such as powerful coughing fits that interfere with everyday activities or sleep, trouble breathing, or frequent vomiting caused by coughing. Seek medical attention if you acquire a high fever, have a cough that lasts longer than a few weeks, or notice any symptoms of problems, such as chronic tiredness or secondary illnesses. Consult a healthcare practitioner if over-the-counter medications do not work or if you have any underlying health concerns that might be aggravated by whooping cough. Early diagnosis and treatment are critical for symptom management and infection prevention.How can an online doctor help?
An online doctor can help with whooping cough by providing a virtual consultation to identify symptoms and propose therapy without requiring an in-person visit. They can give antibiotics if needed, recommend symptom management measures, and advise on how to avoid coughing fits. Online physicians can also offer medical certifications for time off work or school and refer you to experts as needed. They can also track your progress and make changes to your treatment plan as necessary. This convenience allows you to obtain prompt medical attention and guidance while reducing exposure to dangerous illnesses in waiting areas.In conclusion
A whooping cough may not be as prevalent in adults, but it is still a troublesome ailment that should not be underestimated. By being alert to symptoms, keeping your vaccinations up to date, and seeking prompt care, you can steer clear of the most severe effects of this bothersome illness. So, manage your coughs and stay healthy–you will do a significant favour to yourself and those around you.
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Reference
- ABC News - reference link
- National Library of Medicine - reference link
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Disclaimer
This content is created for informational purposes only. It is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice. Always seek the guidance of your doctor or other qualified health professional with any questions you may have regarding your health or a medical condition. For emergencies please immediately contact 000.
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