COVID-19 oral antiviral medicines: Your questions answered

Overview

Since the onset of the pandemic, there have been significant advances in COVID-19 management, including the introduction of oral antiviral medications. These medicines work by inhibiting the virus's ability to replicate within the body. For individuals at higher risk, they can significantly reduce the likelihood of severe illness or hospitalisation.

The key factor is timing—these medications are most effective when taken within five days of symptom onset. In Australia, these antivirals are available by prescription and can often be accessed quickly through telehealth services.

Note: The content of this blog is for informational purposes only and does not replace professional medical diagnosis, advice, or treatment.

What are antiviral medications?

Antiviral medications are prescription drugs designed to treat viral infections. Unlike antibiotics, which act against bacteria, antivirals specifically target viruses and help prevent them from multiplying in the body. In Australia, the Therapeutic Goods Administration ¹ (TGA) has approved specific antiviral medications for COVID-19 treatment. Some of these medicines are subsidised under the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme ² (PBS), making them more affordable for eligible individuals.

How do COVID-19 antivirals work?

There are two primary antiviral treatment approaches available in Australia:

• Oral antiviral medications: These work by blocking an enzyme that the virus needs to replicate, slowing the spread of the virus in the body.
• PBS-listed COVID-19 antivirals: These medications interfere with the virus’s genetic material, helping prevent the virus from multiplying and spreading.

Both treatments are approved by the TGA and must be prescribed by a general practitioner or a telehealth GP.

Symptoms

Some individuals may experience a return of symptoms a few days after completing treatment with oral antiviral medications. This is sometimes referred to as “oral antiviral medications rebound.” In most cases, symptoms are mild and resolve on their own. Importantly, this rebound effect does not appear to increase the risk of hospitalisation. If symptoms worsen or persist, it is advisable to consult an online GP.

How long does it take for antivirals to start working?

Many people begin to notice symptom improvement within two to three days after starting antiviral treatment. However, even if symptoms improve, it is still possible to spread the infection to others. It is important to follow the Australian Department of Health’s guidance regarding isolation ³, masking, and good hygiene practices.

Side effects

As with any medication, antiviral treatments may cause side effects, although they are generally mild and temporary.

• Oral antiviral medications: Possible side effects include a metallic taste in the mouth, diarrhoea, or mild nausea.
• PBS-listed COVID-19 antivirals: Potential side effects may include dizziness, diarrhoea, and headaches.

Your doctor will also review any other medications you are currently taking to ensure there are no harmful interactions. This includes medicines for conditions such as cholesterol, blood pressure, or blood thinners.

Who is eligible for COVID-19 antivirals in Australia?

You may be eligible for antiviral treatment if you fall into one of the following groups:

• People aged over 70 years.
• People aged over 50 with certain health conditions such as diabetes, obesity, or heart and lung diseases.
• Individuals who are immunocompromised.
• Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander people aged 30 years or older who have additional risk factors.

Eligibility criteria may change over time, so it is always recommended to check with your GP or telehealth provider for the most up-to-date guidance.

How much do antivirals cost in Australia?

If you meet the PBS eligibility criteria, COVID-19 antivirals are subsidised. This means you will generally pay the standard PBS co-payment, which is lower for those with concession cards. If you do not qualify, the private cost may apply, which could be higher.

When should I begin taking COVID-19 antivirals?

Antivirals are most effective when started within the first five days after symptoms appear. Beginning treatment earlier increases their effectiveness. Do not wait for your condition to worsen. If you receive a positive test result and have underlying risk factors, schedule an immediate consultation with a GP or a telehealth service.

Do antivirals make you less contagious?

While antivirals reduce the viral load in your body, they do not make you instantly non-contagious. You can still transmit COVID-19 to others. Follow Australia’s current guidelines on isolation ³ and mask-wearing to reduce the risk of spreading the virus.

How to get antivirals quickly if you test positive

If you test positive for COVID-19, early action can help you access treatment quickly. The following steps can help:

• Confirm your result using either a RAT or PCR test.
• Schedule a consultation with a GP or via telehealth as soon as possible.
• The doctor will assess your eligibility and check for potential medication interactions.
• If clinically appropriate, you will receive a prescription (eScript) sent to your phone or pharmacy.

What should I do if I am at higher risk of severe illness?

Some individuals have a higher risk of developing severe illness from COVID-19. In Australia, you may be considered higher risk if you meet the following criteria:

• You are 70 years old or older (this generally qualifies you for antivirals).
• You are over 50 and have health conditions such as diabetes, heart disease, or chronic lung disease.
• You are Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander and over 30 with underlying health conditions.
• You are immunocompromised or receiving treatments that suppress the immune system.

If you fall into one of these categories, it is helpful to have a plan in place before becoming unwell. Speak with your GP or a telehealth doctor about whether antivirals may be appropriate for you. This preparation can help you start treatment quickly if you test positive.

Note: Telehealth can be a convenient option for an initial medical assessment. However, an in-person review may still be required if symptoms become severe or a physical examination is necessary.

Getting antivirals with Hola Health

With Hola Health, you can access care quickly and conveniently from anywhere in Australia.

• Consult with an Australian GP online from anywhere in the country.
• Discuss whether oral antivirals are clinically appropriate for your condition.
• Have your prescription sent directly to your local pharmacy or delivered to your home.
• Request a medical certificate if you need time off work during recovery.

The booking process is simple and designed to minimise delays in accessing care. Telehealth can be a convenient option for patients who cannot attend a clinic in person.

When to dial 000

Call 000 immediately if you experience any of the following symptoms:

• Difficulty breathing or severe shortness of breath.
• Chest pain or pressure.
• Severe dizziness, confusion, or fainting.
• Bluish lips or face.

Conclusion

Oral antivirals for COVID-19 have made treatment easier and safer for many Australians, especially those at higher risk of severe illness. These medications can reduce the chances of serious complications and support faster recovery, but timing is critical.

If you test positive and believe you may be eligible, do not delay seeking medical advice. Book a GP or Hola Health telehealth consultation to access antivirals safely and quickly.

FAQ

1. How do antiviral medicines for COVID-19 work?

   Antiviral medicines work by disrupting the virus’s ability to replicate in the body, helping prevent it from spreading further.

2. Can symptoms come back after medication?

   Some people may experience a mild return of COVID-19 symptoms after treatment, sometimes called antiviral rebound. These symptoms are usually mild and short-lived.

3. How long before antivirals start to work?

   COVID-19 antivirals work best when started early, ideally within five days of symptom onset. Many people begin to notice improvement within a few days.

4. Are there any side effects?

   Common side effects may include a metallic taste in the mouth, diarrhoea, nausea, dizziness, or headaches. These effects are usually mild and temporary.

5. When should COVID antivirals be given?

   COVID-19 antivirals should be started within five days of symptom onset to ensure the best possible outcomes.

6. Do antivirals make you less contagious?

   Antivirals can reduce the amount of virus in your body but do not make you immediately non-contagious. It is still important to follow isolation and mask guidelines to protect others.