Ovarian Cysts

An ovarian cyst refers to a fluid-filled sac or pouch that develops in or on an ovary. These cysts are prevalent and can manifest during reproductive years or after menopause. While most ovarian cysts are non-cancerous and resolve on their own, some may be malignant. Additionally, certain benign ovarian tumours can mimic cysts in imaging studies.

Varieties of cysts:

1. Functional cyst: The most common type, typically asymptomatic and often resolves without intervention within 6 to 8 weeks.
2. Teratoma: A cyst or benign tumour containing diverse issues like skin and hair. Teratomas may be present from birth and, in rare cases, can become cancerous.
3. Cystadenoma: A benign tumour forming on the outer surface of the ovary, potentially growing significantly despite its benign nature.
4. Endometrioma: Arises due to endometriosis.

Symptoms of ovarian cysts:

In many cases, cysts are asymptomatic and are discovered incidentally during routine exams or other imaging procedures. However, some cysts may cause abdominal discomfort, pain during specific activities, or intermittent pain due to ovarian twisting. Cysts that bleed or rupture can also lead to sudden, severe pain.

Diagnosis of ovarian cysts:

If a cyst is suspected, a gynaecologist may recommend tests such as:

1. Ultrasound exam: Uses sound waves to create images of internal organs, helping determine the cyst's characteristics.
2. Blood tests: Measurement of CA 125 levels and other markers to assess the risk of ovarian cancer, particularly after menopause.

Treatment options:

Various treatment options exist, depending on the type of cyst and individual factors.

Options include:

1. Watchful waiting: Monitoring the cyst's changes through repeat ultrasound exams.
2. Surgery: Considered for large cysts causing symptoms or if cancer is suspected.

Surgical procedures:

1. Cystectomy: Removal of the cyst from the ovary.
2. Oophorectomy: Removal of the entire ovary, in some cases.

Surgical approaches:

1. Minimally invasive surgery: Involves small incisions and a laparoscope, recommended for benign cysts.
2. Open surgery: A larger incision in the lower abdomen, necessary for suspected cancer or large cysts difficult to remove via laparoscopy.

Understanding the type of cyst, its size, and the patient's health considerations helps determine the most appropriate treatment approach This content is shared with the permission of Dr. Baruah. You may find similar information in health publications.